Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: ghais- 'to stick, be fixed to'
Semantic Field(s): to Join, Unite, to Gather, Collect
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
English: | adhere | vb.intrans | to give support/maintain loyalty | AHD/W7 |
cohere | vb.intrans | to hold together as parts of same mass | AHD/W7 | |
hesitate | vb.intrans | to hold back due to doubt/indecision | AHD/W7 | |
inhere | vb.intrans | to belong, be inherent | AHD/W7 | |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | adhearesco, adhaerēre | vb | to adhere | W7 |
cohaereo, cohaerēre | vb | to cohere | W7 | |
haereō, haerēre, haesī, haesus | vb | to stick, adhere | LRC | |
haeresco, haerere | vb | to stick | W7 | |
haesito, haesitāre, haesitavi, haesitatus | vb | to stick fast, hesitate | W7 | |
inhaereo, inhaerēre | vb | to inhere | W7 | |
Middle French: | adhérer | vb | to adhere | W7 |
Baltic | ||||
Lithuanian: | gaišti | vb | to loiter | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
intrans | = | intransitive |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |