Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: g̑hu̯ē̆r- 'wild animal'
Semantic Field(s): Animal
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | fiers | adj | fierce | W7 |
| triacle | n | treacle | W7 | |
| English: | baluchithere | n | hornless rhinoceros-like mammal | AHD |
| chalicothere | n | extinct 3-toed ungulate mammal | AHD | |
| dinothere | n | extinct proboscidean mammal with downward-pointing tusks | AHD/W7 | |
| eutherian | adj | re: placental mammals | AHD/W7 | |
| feral | adj | savage, re: wild beast | AHD/W7 | |
| ferine | adj | feral | AHD/W7 | |
| ferocious | adj | savage, fierce | AHD/W7 | |
| fierce | adj | violently hostile/aggressive in temperament | AHD/W7 | |
| indricothere | n | extinct hornless rhinoceros | AHD | |
| megathere | n | extinct ground sloth | AHD/W7 | |
| theropod | n | large carnivorous saurischian dinosaur | AHD | |
| treacle | n | medicinal compound formerly used as poison remedy | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | fera | n.fem | wild animal | W7 |
| ferinus | adj | ferine, re: wild animal | W7 | |
| ferox, ferocis | adj | fierce, ferocious | W7 | |
| ferus | adj | feral | W7 | |
| theriaca | n.fem | antidote against poisonous bite | W7 | |
| Medieval Latin: | feralis | adj | feral | W7 |
| New Latin: | Deinotherium | n.neut | (genus name) | W7 |
| Megatherium | n.neut | (genus name) | W7 | |
| -therium | sfx | beast | W7 | |
| Old French: | fiers | adj | fierce | W7 |
| Middle French: | triacle | n.masc | table syrup, poison antidote | W7 |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | žvėrìs | n.masc | beast | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | θήρ | n.masc/fem | wild animal | LRC |
| θηρίον | n.neut | beast, wild animal | LS | |
| Greek: | deinos | adj | terrible | W7 |
| thēriakē | n.fem | antidote against poisonous bite | W7 | |
| thēriakos | adj | re: wild animal | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| sfx | = | suffix |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| LS | = | Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev. |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
