Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Pokorny Etymon: kēi-   'to move, set in motion'

Semantic Field(s): to Move

 

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language Reflex(es) PoS/Gram. Gloss Source(s)
English  
Old English: behǣs n promise W7
behātan vb to promise W7
hǣs n.fem hest ASD/W7
hātan, heht, hēton, hāten vb.str.VII to call, name; order, command; promise LRC
Middle English: behest n behest W7
exciten vb to excite W7
hest, hes n hest W7
hight vb to be called W7
hoten vb.past.ptc called, named W7
English: behest n demand, command AHD/W7
bradykinin n biologically active polypeptide AHD
cinema n cinematograph W7
cinematograph n motion-picture camera/projector/theater AHD/W7
cite vb.trans to summon to appear in court AHD/W7
excite vb.trans to call to activity AHD/W7
hest n percept, command AHD/W7
hight adj called, named AHD/W7
incite vb.trans to stir up/spur on/move to action AHD/W7
kinematics n dynamics dealing with motion AHD/W7
kinesics n study of nonlinguistic bodily communication AHD
kinesiology n study of principles of mechanics/anatomy re: human movement AHD/W7
-kinesis n.sfx division AHD/W7
kinesthesia n sense mediated by organs in muscles/tendons/joints stimulated by movement/tension AHD/W7
kinetic adj re: motion of material bodies AHD/W7
oscitancy n act of gaping/yawning AHD
resuscitate vb to revive from unconsciousness/apparent death AHD/W7
telekinesis n production of motion without physical means AHD/W7
British English: cinema n motion picture W7
West Germanic  
Old Frisian: hēta vb to call, name; command; promise ASD
Old Saxon: hētan vb to call, name; promise ASD
Old High German: heiz(z)an vb to call, name; command; promise ASD/W7
German: heissen vb to call, be called ASD
Kino n cinema TLL
North Germanic  
Old Norse: heita vb to call, name, be called/named LRC
East Germanic  
Gothic: háitan vb.str.VII to call LRC
haiti n hest ASD
Italic  
Latin: cieo, ciēre vb to move W7
ciereo, ciēre vb to stir, move W7
cito, citāre vb to put in motion, rouse, summon W7
citus adj fast W7
cunctus, cuncta, cunctum adj all LRC
excito, excitare vb to excite W7
incito, incitare vb to incite, hasten, urge on W7
resuscito, resuscitare, resuscitavi, resuscitatus vb to stir up again W7
suscito, suscitare vb to stir up W7
New Latin: -kinesis sfx movement W7
kinesthesia n.fem kinesthesia, sensory experience W7
telekinesis n.fem moving objects from afar via mental powers W7
Middle French: citer vb to cite, summon, quote W7
exciter vb to excite W7
inciter vb to incite W7
French: cinématique n.fem kinematics W7
cinématographe n.masc cinematograph W7
Albanian  
Albanian: çoj vb to send IEW
Hellenic  
Greek: kinein vb to move W7
kinēma, kinēmatos n.neut movement W7
kinēsis n.fem motion W7
kinētikos adj kinetic W7
kinētos adj moving W7
Armenian  
Classical Armenian: ertʿam vb to go, set out LRC

 

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev. Meaning
VII=class 7
adj=adjective
fem=feminine (gender)
masc=masculine (gender)
n=noun
neut=neuter (gender)
past=past (tense)
ptc=participle
sfx=suffix
str=strong (inflection)
trans=transitive
vb=verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code Citation
AHD=Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD=Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
IEW=Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC=Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL=Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7=Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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