Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. nāus- 'boat, ship'
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | nōwend | n.masc | sailor | ASD/W7 |
| Middle English: | navie | n | navy | W7 |
| noise | n | noise | W7 | |
| English: | aeronaut | n | one who works/travels in atmosphere | AHD/W7 |
| aquanaut | n | one who lives/works underwater | AHD | |
| Argonaut | prop.n | Argo crewmember seeking Golden Fleece (Greek mythology) | AHD | |
| astronaut | n | one who works/travels in space | AHD | |
| cosmonaut | n | astronaut | AHD/W7 | |
| nacelle | n | enclosed shelter on aircraft for engine | AHD/W7 | |
| nausea | n | stomach distress, urge to vomit | AHD/W7 | |
| nautical | adj | re: ships/seamen/navigation | AHD/W7 | |
| nautilus | n | cephalopod mollusks of Indian/South Pacific oceans | AHD/W7 | |
| naval | adj | re: ships/shipping | AHD/W7 | |
| nave | n | main part of interior of church | AHD/W7 | |
| navicular | adj | boat-shaped | AHD/W7 | |
| navicular | n | bone (esp. of carpus) | AHD/W7 | |
| navy | n | military fleet/ships | AHD/W7 | |
| noise | n | loud/confused/senseless outcry/shouting | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | Argonauta | prop.n | Argonaut | AHD |
| nausea | n.fem | nausea | W7 | |
| nauticus | adj | nautical | W7 | |
| nautilus | n.masc | paper nautilus | W7 | |
| navalis | adj | naval, of navigation | W7 | |
| navicula | n.fem | small boat | W7 | |
| navigia | n.neut.pl | ships | W7 | |
| navigo, navigāre | vb | to sail, navigate | W7 | |
| navis | n.fem | ship | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | navicella | n.fem | little ship | W7 |
| New Latin: | nautilus | n.masc | (genus of) nautilus mollusks | W7 |
| Old French: | noise | n.fem | noise, strife, quarrel | W7 |
| French: | nacelle | n.fem | little boat, montgolfier basket | W7 |
| navire | n.masc | ship | W7 | |
| Slavic | ||||
| Russian: | aeronavt | n | aeronaut | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | Argonautēs | prop.n | Argonaut | AHD |
| ναῦς | n.fem | ship | LRC | |
| nautēs | n.masc | sailor | W7 | |
| nautia | n.fem | nausea | W7 | |
| nautikos | adj | nautical | W7 | |
| nautilos | n.masc | sailor | W7 | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | nau | n | ship | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pl | = | plural (number) |
| prop | = | proper |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
