Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: óu̯i-s 'ewe, sheep'
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Old Irish: | oi | n | sheep | LRC |
| English | ||||
| Old English: | Ä“owu | n.fem | ewe | ASD/W7 |
| Middle English: | ewe | n | ewe | W7 |
| English: | ewe | n | female sheep | AHD/W7 |
| ovine | adj | re: sheep | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Frisian: | ei(j) | n.neut | ewe | ASD |
| Dutch: | ooi | n.fem | ewe-lamb | ASD |
| Old High German: | awi, owi, au | n.fem | ewe | ASD |
| Middle High German: | owe | n.fem | ewe | ASD |
| German: | Aue | n.fem | ewe | LRC |
| Swiss German: | au(w), ow | n.fem | ewe | ASD |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | aweþi | n.neut | herd of sheep | ASD |
| awi | n | ewe, sheep | LRC | |
| awistr | n.neut | sheepfold | ASD | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | ovis | n.fem | ewe | W7 |
| Late Latin: | ovinus | adj | ovine | W7 |
| Baltic | ||||
| Old Prussian: | awins | n | ram | LRC |
| Lithuanian: | avìs | n | sheep, ram | LRC |
| Latvian: | Ã uns | n | ram | LRC |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | ovica, ovinu | n | sheep, ram | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | ὄ(Ϝ)ις | n | sheep | LRC |
| Greek: | οἶς | n.masc/fem | sheep, ram/ewe | LRC |
| Anatolian | ||||
| Luwian: | hawi- | n | sheep | LRC |
| Armenian | ||||
| Armenian: | hoviw | n | shepherd, herder | LRC |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | ávi- | n | sheep | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
