Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. peig-, and peik- 'colored, speckled'
Semantic Field(s): Color
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | fāg, fāh | adj | dyed, stained, colored, variegated | ASD |
| fēol | n.fem | file | ASD/W7 | |
| Middle English: | file | n | file | W7 |
| painten | vb | to paint | W7 | |
| picture | n | picture | W7 | |
| pinte | n | pint | W7 | |
| English: | depict | vb.trans | to represent via picture | AHD/W7 |
| file | n | metal tool with ridges to cut/form/smooth surfaces | AHD/W7 | |
| paint | vb | to apply paint/color/pigment | AHD/W7 | |
| pictograph | n | ancient/prehistoric drawing/painting on rock wall | AHD/W7 | |
| picture | n | representation via drawing/painting | AHD/W7 | |
| picturesque | adj | resembling picture, suggesting painted scene | AHD/W7 | |
| pigment | n | substance imparting color to other materials | AHD/W7 | |
| pim(i)ento | n | sweet European pepper: source of paprika | AHD/W7 | |
| pint | n | unit of volume: 16 oz. | AHD/W7 | |
| pinto | n | spotted/calico horse/pony | AHD/W7 | |
| poikilotherm | n | cold-blooded organism | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | vijl | n.fem | file | ASD |
| Old Saxon: | fēh | adj | stained, colored | ASD |
| Old High German: | fēh | adj | stained, colored | ASD |
| fī(ha)la | n.fem | file | ASD/W7 | |
| Middle High German: | vēch | adj | stained, colored | ASD |
| vile | n.fem | file | ASD | |
| German: | fech | adj | stained, colored | ASD |
| Feile | n.fem | file | ASD | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | fá, fáð | vb | to color | LRC |
| Icelandic: | þēl | n.fem | file | ASD |
| Danish: | fiil | n.masc/fem | file | ASD |
| Swedish: | fil | n.masc | file | ASD |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | faihs | adj | stained, colored | ASD |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | depictus | vb.ptc | painted, represented | W7 |
| depingo, depingere | vb | to paint, represent | W7 | |
| pictor | n.masc | painter | W7 | |
| pictura, picturae | n.fem | painting | LRC | |
| pictus, picta, pictum | adj/vb.ptc | painted | LRC | |
| pigmentum | n.neut | paint, pigment | W7 | |
| pingo, pingere | vb | to paint | W7 | |
| Vulgar Latin: | pinctus, pincta, pinctum | vb.ptc | painted | W7 |
| Late Latin: | pigmentum | n.neut | pigment, plant juice | W7 |
| Medieval Latin: | pincta | vb.ptc.fem | painted | W7 |
| Spanish: | pimienta | n.fem | pimento pepper | W7 |
| pinto | adj | spotted | W7 | |
| American Spanish: | pinto | adj | spotted | W7 |
| Old French: | peindre | vb | to paint | W7 |
| peint | vb.ptc | painted | W7 | |
| Middle French: | pinte | n.fem | pint | W7 |
| French: | pittoresque | adj | picturesque, folklorical | W7 |
| Italian: | pittore | n.masc | painter | W7 |
| pittoresco | adj | picturesque | W7 | |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | pьsati, pьšǫ, pьšeši | vb | to write | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | pikros | adj | sharp, bitter | W7 |
| poikilos | adj | variegated | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| ptc | = | participle |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
