Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. peig-, and peik- 'colored, speckled'
Semantic Field(s): Color
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | fāg, fāh | adj | dyed, stained, colored, variegated | ASD |
fēol | n.fem | file | ASD/W7 | |
Middle English: | file | n | file | W7 |
painten | vb | to paint | W7 | |
picture | n | picture | W7 | |
pinte | n | pint | W7 | |
English: | depict | vb.trans | to represent via picture | AHD/W7 |
file | n | metal tool with ridges to cut/form/smooth surfaces | AHD/W7 | |
paint | vb | to apply paint/color/pigment | AHD/W7 | |
pictograph | n | ancient/prehistoric drawing/painting on rock wall | AHD/W7 | |
picture | n | representation via drawing/painting | AHD/W7 | |
picturesque | adj | resembling picture, suggesting painted scene | AHD/W7 | |
pigment | n | substance imparting color to other materials | AHD/W7 | |
pim(i)ento | n | sweet European pepper: source of paprika | AHD/W7 | |
pint | n | unit of volume: 16 oz. | AHD/W7 | |
pinto | n | spotted/calico horse/pony | AHD/W7 | |
poikilotherm | n | cold-blooded organism | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Dutch: | vijl | n.fem | file | ASD |
Old Saxon: | fēh | adj | stained, colored | ASD |
Old High German: | fēh | adj | stained, colored | ASD |
fī(ha)la | n.fem | file | ASD/W7 | |
Middle High German: | vēch | adj | stained, colored | ASD |
vile | n.fem | file | ASD | |
German: | fech | adj | stained, colored | ASD |
Feile | n.fem | file | ASD | |
North Germanic | ||||
Old Norse: | fá, fáð | vb | to color | LRC |
Icelandic: | þēl | n.fem | file | ASD |
Danish: | fiil | n.masc/fem | file | ASD |
Swedish: | fil | n.masc | file | ASD |
East Germanic | ||||
Gothic: | faihs | adj | stained, colored | ASD |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | depictus | vb.ptc | painted, represented | W7 |
depingo, depingere | vb | to paint, represent | W7 | |
pictor | n.masc | painter | W7 | |
pictura, picturae | n.fem | painting | LRC | |
pictus, picta, pictum | adj/vb.ptc | painted | LRC | |
pigmentum | n.neut | paint, pigment | W7 | |
pingo, pingere | vb | to paint | W7 | |
Vulgar Latin: | pinctus, pincta, pinctum | vb.ptc | painted | W7 |
Late Latin: | pigmentum | n.neut | pigment, plant juice | W7 |
Medieval Latin: | pincta | vb.ptc.fem | painted | W7 |
Spanish: | pimienta | n.fem | pimento pepper | W7 |
pinto | adj | spotted | W7 | |
American Spanish: | pinto | adj | spotted | W7 |
Old French: | peindre | vb | to paint | W7 |
peint | vb.ptc | painted | W7 | |
Middle French: | pinte | n.fem | pint | W7 |
French: | pittoresque | adj | picturesque, folklorical | W7 |
Italian: | pittore | n.masc | painter | W7 |
pittoresco | adj | picturesque | W7 | |
Slavic | ||||
Old Church Slavonic: | pьsati, pьšǫ, pьšeši | vb | to write | LRC |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | pikros | adj | sharp, bitter | W7 |
poikilos | adj | variegated | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
ptc | = | participle |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |