Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Pokorny Etymon: pek-   'to cook'

Semantic Field(s): to Cook

 

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language Reflex(es) PoS/Gram. Gloss Source(s)
Celtic  
Irish: coca n cook ASD
cucann n kitchen ASD
Cornish: cegin, keghin n.fem kitchen ASD
cog n.masc cook ASD
Welsh: cegin n.fem kitchen ASD
cōg n cook ASD
English  
Old English: āfigen adj fried W7
cōc n.masc cook ASD
cycene, cicene n.fem kitchen ASD/W7
cyln n kiln W7
Middle English: bisquite n biscuit W7
cook n cook W7
kichene n kitchen W7
kilne n kiln W7
quiture n quittor W7
English: apricot n deciduous Asian tree with fleshy succulent fruit AHD
biscotto n biscuit, twice-baked cookie AHD
biscuit n hard/crisp dry baked product AHD/W7
concoct vb.trans to prepare (a meal) by combining crude materials AHD/W7
cook n one who cooks AHD/W7
cook vb to prepare food/meals LRC
cuisine n manner of preparing food AHD/W7
culinary adj re: kitchen/cookery AHD/W7
decoct vb.trans to extract flavor by boiling AHD/W7
drupe n one-seeded indehiscent fruit AHD/W7
dyspepsia n indigestion AHD/W7
kiln n oven/furnace for processing substance by firing/drying AHD/W7
kitchen n room/place with cooking facilities AHD/W7
pepo n many-seeded fruit of gourd family AHD/W7
pepsin n proteinase in stomach that digests proteins AHD/W7
peptic adj digestive, re: digestion AHD/W7
peptize vb.trans to create colloidal solution AHD/W7
peptone n water-soluble result of partial protein hydrolysis AHD/W7
precocious adj very early in development/occurrence AHD/W7
pukka adj authentic, genuine AHD/W7
pumpion n pumpkin AHD/W7
pumpkin n round yellow/orange gourd AHD/W7
quittor n purulent inflammation of feet (esp. in horses/asses) AHD/W7
ricotta n soft Italian cheese AHD
British English: peptise vb.trans to peptize LRC
West Germanic  
Dutch: abrikoos n apricot TLL
keuken n.fem kitchen ASD
kok n.masc cook ASD
Old Saxon: kok n.masc cook ASD
Low German: kokk n cook ASD
Old High German: chuhhina, kuchina n.fem kitchen ASD/W7
koch n.masc cook ASD
Middle High German: koch n.masc cook ASD
küche, kuche(n) n.fem kitchen ASD
German: Aprikose n apricot TLL
Koch n.masc cook ASD
Küche n.fem kitchen ASD
Pepsin n.neut pepsin W7
Pepton n peptone W7
North Germanic  
Icelandic: kock-hūs n kitchen, lit. cook-house ASD
kokkr n.masc cook ASD
Danish: abrikos n apricot TLL
kjökken n.neut kitchen ASD
kok n.masc/fem cook ASD
Swedish: aprikos n apricot TLL
kock n.masc cook ASD
kök n.neut kitchen ASD
Italic  
Latin: coctura n.fem act of cooking W7
coctus vb.ptc cooked W7
cocus, coquus n.masc cook, chef ASD
concoctus vb.ptc cooked together W7
concoquō, concoquere vb to cook together W7
coquō, coquere vb to cook W7
culina n.fem kitchen W7
culinarius adj re: kitchen/cooking W7
decoctus vb.ptc cooked W7
decoquo, decoquere vb to cook, boil, melt W7
drupa n.fem overripe olive W7
dyspepsia n.fem indigestion W7
pepo n.masc pepo, melon W7
pepticus adj peptic W7
praecox, praecocis adj precocious, early ripening W7
Late Latin: coquina n.fem kitchen W7
Medieval Latin: bis-coctus adj twice-cooked AHD
New Latin: drupa n.fem one-seeded indehiscent fruit W7
Spanish: cocina n.fem kitchen ASD
Old French: biscuit n biscuit AHD
quiture n.fem act of boiling W7
Middle French: bescuit n.masc twice-cooked bread W7
pain n.masc bread W7
French: abricot n apricot LRC
cuisine n.fem kitchen W7
pompon n.masc pumpion W7
Italian: albicocca n apricot LRC
biscotto n.masc biscotto LRC
cucina n.fem kitchen ASD
cuóco n.masc cook ASD
Baltic  
Lithuanian: kepù vb to grind LRC
kukne n kitchen ASD
Slavic  
Old Church Slavonic: kuchari n cook ASD
peko vb to grind LRC
Russian: kuchnja n kitchen ASD
Hellenic  
Homeric Greek: πέπων adj ripe, mellow; pet, dear; coward, weakling LRC
πέσσω vb to cook, bake; ripen; digest LRC
Greek: dryppa n.fem olive W7
dyspepsia n.fem indigestion W7
peptein vb to cook, digest W7
peptikos adj peptic W7
peptos adj cooked, digested W7
pepsis n.fem digestion W7
Late Greek: πραικόκιον n apricot LRC
Armenian  
Armenian: hac' n bread LRC
Indic  
Sanskrit: pakva adj cooked; ripe, solid W7
pácanti vb to cook, fry LRC
Hindi: pakkā adj cooked, ripe, solid W7
Tocharian  
Tocharian A: päk- vb to cook, be cooked LRC

 

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev. Meaning
adj=adjective
fem=feminine (gender)
masc=masculine (gender)
n=noun
neut=neuter (gender)
ptc=participle
trans=transitive
vb=verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code Citation
AHD=Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD=Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC=Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL=Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7=Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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