Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2b. pel-, pel-en-, pel-t-, pel-u̯- 'dust, powder; meal, flour'
Semantic Field(s): Dust, Powder, Meal, Flour
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | pailet | n | pallet | W7 |
| paudre | n | powder | W7 | |
| puls | n | pulse | W7 | |
| English: | paillasse | n | thin mattress containing straw/sawdust | AHD |
| palea | n | chaffy scale on composite plant receptacle | AHD/W7 | |
| pallet | n | straw-filled tick/mattress | W7 | |
| palynology | n | branch of science re: pollen/spores | AHD/W7 | |
| paupiette | n | thin slice of meat/fish wrapped around stuffing | AHD | |
| polenta | n | thick mush: cornmeal boiled in stock/water | AHD | |
| pollen | n | microspores in seed plant | AHD/W7 | |
| poultice | n | soft heated medicated cloth | AHD/W7 | |
| powder | n | fine particles | AHD/W7 | |
| pulp | n | soft moist coherent mass of plant/animal tissue | AHD/W7 | |
| pulse | n | edible leguminous seeds | AHD/W7 | |
| pulverize | vb | to atomize, reduce to small particles | AHD/W7 | |
| British English: | pulverise | vb | to pulverize | LRC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| German: | Pulver | n.neut | powder | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | palea | n.fem | chaff, straw | W7 |
| pollen | n.neut | fine flour | W7 | |
| pulpa | n.fem | pulp, flesh | W7 | |
| puls, pultis | n.fem | porridge (pulse, flour, etc.) | W7 | |
| pulvis, pulveris | n.masc | dust, powder | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | pulverizo, pulverizāre | vb | to pulverize, grind into dust | W7 |
| New Latin: | pollen | n.neut | pollen: fine powdery plant seeds | W7 |
| Portuguese: | palha | n | straw | TLL |
| Spanish: | paja | n | straw | TLL |
| Old French: | paudre | n.fem | powder | W7 |
| pouls | n.masc | pulse, porridge | W7 | |
| Middle French: | paille | n | straw | W7 |
| *paillet | n | pallet | W7 | |
| pulveriser | vb | to pulverize, render into dust | W7 | |
| French: | paille | n | straw | TLL |
| poudre | n.fem | powder | W7 | |
| Italian: | paglia | n | straw | TLL |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | παλῡ́νω | vb | to strew, sprinkle | LRC |
| Greek: | palē | n.fem | fine meal | W7 |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | palāva | n | chaff, straw | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |