Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2b. pel-, pel-en-, pel-t-, pel-u̯- 'dust, powder; meal, flour'
Semantic Field(s): Dust, Powder, Meal, Flour
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Middle English: | pailet | n | pallet | W7 |
paudre | n | powder | W7 | |
puls | n | pulse | W7 | |
English: | paillasse | n | thin mattress containing straw/sawdust | AHD |
palea | n | chaffy scale on composite plant receptacle | AHD/W7 | |
pallet | n | straw-filled tick/mattress | W7 | |
palynology | n | branch of science re: pollen/spores | AHD/W7 | |
paupiette | n | thin slice of meat/fish wrapped around stuffing | AHD | |
polenta | n | thick mush: cornmeal boiled in stock/water | AHD | |
pollen | n | microspores in seed plant | AHD/W7 | |
poultice | n | soft heated medicated cloth | AHD/W7 | |
powder | n | fine particles | AHD/W7 | |
pulp | n | soft moist coherent mass of plant/animal tissue | AHD/W7 | |
pulse | n | edible leguminous seeds | AHD/W7 | |
pulverize | vb | to atomize, reduce to small particles | AHD/W7 | |
British English: | pulverise | vb | to pulverize | LRC |
West Germanic | ||||
German: | Pulver | n.neut | powder | LRC |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | palea | n.fem | chaff, straw | W7 |
pollen | n.neut | fine flour | W7 | |
pulpa | n.fem | pulp, flesh | W7 | |
puls, pultis | n.fem | porridge (pulse, flour, etc.) | W7 | |
pulvis, pulveris | n.masc | dust, powder | W7 | |
Late Latin: | pulverizo, pulverizāre | vb | to pulverize, grind into dust | W7 |
New Latin: | pollen | n.neut | pollen: fine powdery plant seeds | W7 |
Portuguese: | palha | n | straw | TLL |
Spanish: | paja | n | straw | TLL |
Old French: | paudre | n.fem | powder | W7 |
pouls | n.masc | pulse, porridge | W7 | |
Middle French: | paille | n | straw | W7 |
*paillet | n | pallet | W7 | |
pulveriser | vb | to pulverize, render into dust | W7 | |
French: | paille | n | straw | TLL |
poudre | n.fem | powder | W7 | |
Italian: | paglia | n | straw | TLL |
Hellenic | ||||
Homeric Greek: | παλῡ́νω | vb | to strew, sprinkle | LRC |
Greek: | palē | n.fem | fine meal | W7 |
Indic | ||||
Sanskrit: | palāva | n | chaff, straw | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |