This Base Form Dictionary index lists, in an alphabetical order suitable to the language and
the script employed for it, every unique base form underlying one or more surface (word) forms
in lesson texts. For each base form a general meaning (if any) is shown, along with links to
every usage, in every numbered lesson, of the associated surface forms. With this index, one
may click on any link to perform a quick "usage look-up," and thereby study how surface forms
in texts are constructed from base forms.
A new, experimental feature is being introduced to these EIEOL lessons, namely the addition
of pointers to Proto-Indo-European roots identified by Julius Pokorny in his monumental work,
Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (2 vols. Bern: Franke, 1959-1969; reprinted
in 1989). Because Pokorny is becoming increasingly outdated, we may revise these links in the
future; however, for the time being, this information might prove interesting to those who are
curious about Indo-European etymology. Notice of potential error is always welcome.
<abraba> strongly, excessively, very, very much
--
[
Pokorny
abhro- :: strong, mighty] --
<af> from, of
--
[
Pokorny
apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from] --
<afar> after, according to
--
[
Pokorny
apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from] --
<afarsabbatus> day after the Sabbath, Sunday
--
<afguþs> godless, impious
--
<afƕapjan> to choke
--
<aflagjan> to put away
--
<aflētan> to leave, to forgive
--
<aflifnan> to remain
--
[
Pokorny
1. leip- :: to smear (with fat), stick] --
<afstandan> to stand off, to depart
--
<aftra> back, again
--
[
Pokorny
apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from] --
<afwalwjan> to roll away
--
<aggilus> angel, messenger
--
<agis> fear
--
[
Pokorny
agh- :: to
ail, fear, be depressed] --
<Agustus> Augustus
--
<ahmins> spirit, the Spirit
--
<aírþa> earth
--
[
Pokorny
4. er-, er-t-, er-u̯- :: earth] --
<aírþeins> earthly, born of the earth
--
<aíþþáu> or, else
--
<ak> but, however
--
[
Pokorny
ati, ato- :: over, beyond] --
<akei> but, yet, still, nevertheless
--
<akran> fruit
--
[
Pokorny
ōg-, əg- :: to grow; fruit, berry] --
<alhs> temple
--
[
Pokorny
aleq- :: to protect, ward off] --
<alja> than, except, unless, save; except
--
<aljanōn> to envy
--
<all> all, every
--
<alls> all, every
--
[
Pokorny
1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other,
alien] --
<amēn> amen, truly
--
<ana> in, on, upon, at, over; to, into; against
--
[
Pokorny
4. an-, anu, anō, nō :: on, along, over there] --
<anabiudan> to command, order
--
[
Pokorny
bheudh-, nasalized bhu-n-dh- :: to awaken, be aware] --
<anafilhan> to transmit, to hand down
--
<anaks> at once, suddenly
--
[
Pokorny
4. an-, anu, anō, nō :: on, along, over there] --
<anakumbjan> to recline, to sit down
--
<anamēljan> to enroll
--
<anananþjan> to dare
--
[
Pokorny
nant- :: to dare, risk] --
<anaqiman> to approach
--
<andawaúrdi> answer
--
<andhafjan> to answer
--
<andháusjan> to hear, to obey
--
<andniman> to receive, to take
--
[
Pokorny
ant-s :: brow, front,
anterior] --
<Andraías> Andrew
--
<andwaírþi> face, presence
--
<ansts> grace, favor
--
[
Pokorny
ans- :: favorable, well inclined] --
<anþar> other, another; second
--
[
Pokorny
2. an- :: there,
other side] --
<armahaírtiþa> charity, alms
--
<armaiō> pity, alms
--
<aromata> (pl.) spices
--
<at> at, by, to, with, of
--
[
Pokorny
1. ad- :: at, by, to] --
<atáugjan> to show, to appear
--
[
Pokorny
1. ad- :: at, by, to] --
<atgaggan> to come, go
--
<atgiban> to give, deliver
--
<atsaíƕan> to observe, to take heed
--
<atta> father
--
[
Pokorny
ā̆tos, atta :: daddy, mommy (nursery word)] --
<awiliudōn> to give thanks
--
[
Pokorny
3. lēu-, or lāu- :: (onomatopoeic: to bark, howl, etc.)] --
<áihts> possession
--
[
Pokorny
ēik- :: to
own, possess, be capable] --
<áins> one, some
--
[
Pokorny
3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --
<áins> one
--
<áins> alone, only
--
[
Pokorny
3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --
<áinshun> (always with negative) (no) one, (n)one
--
[
Pokorny
ku̯o-, ku̯e-, fem. ku̯ā, ku̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --
<áir> soon, early
--
[
Pokorny
ā̆ier-, ā̆ien- :: day(light), morning] --
<áiþei> mother
--
<áiþþáu> or, else
--
<áiwiskōn> to act unseemly
--
[
Pokorny
aigu̯h- :: to be ashamed] --
<áiws> time, lifetime, age, eternity
--
[
Pokorny
aiu̯-, ai̯u- :: vitality, life force] --
<áugō> eye
--
[
Pokorny
oku̯- :: to see,
ogle;
eye] --
<áuk> for, because; but, also
--
[
Pokorny
4. au-, u- : u̯ē̆-, u̯o- :: other; that (one)] --
<áusō> ear
--
[
Pokorny
2. ōus- : əus- : us- :: ear] --
<áuþida> desert, wasteland
--
[
Pokorny
3. au-, au̯e, u̯ē̆- :: down, away from] --
<baíran> to bear, to carry
--
[
Pokorny
1. bher- :: to
bear, bring, carry] --
<baírhtei> brightness
--
<barizeins> of barley
--
<barn> child
--
[
Pokorny
1. bher- :: to
bear, bring, carry] --
<barniskei> childish thing
--
[
Pokorny
1. bher- :: to
bear, bring, carry] --
<baúrgs> city, town
--
[
Pokorny
bhereg̑h-, bherg̑hos- :: high, noble;
barrow, mountain] --
<Bēþlahaím> Bethlehem
--
<bi> by, about; concerning; around, against; according to, on account of; for; at; after; near
--
[
Pokorny
ambhi, m̥bhi :: around, at
both sides] --
<bidjan> to ask, to pray
--
[
Pokorny
2. bhedh- :: to flex, bend, crook] --
<bigitan> to find, meet
--
[
Pokorny
ghend-, and ghed- :: to
get, grasp, seize] --
<birusjōs> parents
--
<biskeinan> to shine around
--
<biþē> while, when, after that, as soon as; then, thereupon
--
<biūhti> custom
--
<biwáibjan> to clothe, to wrap
--
[
Pokorny
u̯eip-, u̯eib- :: to turn,
whip, sway,
vibrate] --
<biwindan> to wrap
--
<bōkareis> scribe
--
<bōta> advantage
--
[
Pokorny
bhā̆d- :: good,
better] --
<briggan> to bring
--
[
Pokorny
bhrenk-, bhronk- :: to
bring] --
<brōþar> brother
--
[
Pokorny
bhrā́ter- :: brother, family member] --
<bugjan> to buy
--
[
Pokorny
3. bheug-, bheugh- :: to
bow, flex, bend, crook] --
<dags> day
--
[
Pokorny
ā̆g̑her-, ā̆g̑hen-, ā̆g̑hes-, or ō̆g̑her etc. :: day,
dawn] --
<dalaþ> down
--
[
Pokorny
1. dhel-, dholo- :: curve;
dell, hollow] --
<daúr> doorway
--
[
Pokorny
dhu̯ē̆r-, dhu̯ō̆r-, dhur-, dhu̯r̥- :: door] --
<Daweid> David
--
<dáils> share, portion
--
[
Pokorny
dā : də-, and dāi- : dəi-, dī̆- :: to share, divide] --
<dáuþs> dead
--
<diabaúlus> devil
--
<dissitan> to seize upon
--
<diups> deep
--
[
Pokorny
dheu-b-, dheu-p- :: deep, hollow] --
<dráusna> piece
--
<du> to, towards; against; in
--
[
Pokorny
de-, do- :: I-deictic; here] --
<duginnan> to begin
--
[
Pokorny
de-, do- :: I-deictic; here] --
<dulþs> feast
--
<duþē> therefore, because, besides, on that account
--
<ei> that, so that; whether; (relative particle)
--
<fadreins> family, lineage
--
<faginōn> to rejoice
--
[
Pokorny
1. pek̑-, pēk̑-, pōk̑- :: to be joyful, make pretty] --
<fahēds> joy
--
<faírguni> mountain
--
[
Pokorny
perku̯u-s :: oak] --
<faírra> far from
--
[
Pokorny
2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --
<faurbigaggan> to go before
--
<faurhtjan> to fear, to be afraid
--
[
Pokorny
2. perg- :: fear; to
frighten] --
<faúr> for, before, by
--
[
Pokorny
2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --
<faúra> before, for
--
[
Pokorny
2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --
<faúrþis> first, beforehand
--
<faúrþizei> before
--
<fidwōr tigjus> forty
--
[
Pokorny
dek̑m̥, dek̑m̥-t, dek̑u- :: ten,
decade] --
<Filippus> Philip
--
<filu> much, many
--
[
Pokorny
1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour,
fill;
full,
plenary; town?] --
<filuwaúrdei> wordiness
--
<filuwaúrdjan> to use many words, to be wordy
--
<fimf> five
--
[
Pokorny
penku̯e :: five,
fifth] --
<fisks> fish
--
[
Pokorny
peisk-, pisk- :: fish] --
<fláutjan> be pretentious
--
[
Pokorny
pleu- :: to
flee,
fly, run;
flow, swim] --
<fōtus> foot
--
[
Pokorny
2. pē̆d-, pō̆d- :: foot] --
<fraatjan> to give as food
--
[
Pokorny
ed- :: to
eat] --
<fragifts> a giving away, espousal
--
<fraitan> to devour
--
[
Pokorny
ed- :: to
eat] --
<fraíhnan> to ask, question
--
[
Pokorny
4. perk̑-, prek̑-, pr̥k̑- :: to request, ask/
pray for] --
<frakunnan> to despise
--
<fram> from, by, since, on account of
--
[
Pokorny
2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --
<fraqistnan> to be lost, to perish
--
<fraþjan> to understand
--
[
Pokorny
pret-, prō̆t- :: to understand] --
<frawaúrhts> sin
--
[
Pokorny
2. u̯erg̑-, u̯reg̑- :: to do,
work, be effective] --
<fráisan> to tempt
--
<fráistubni> temptation
--
<fráiw> seed
--
<fráuja> lord, master
--
[
Pokorny
2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --
<friaþwa> love, charity
--
[
Pokorny
prāi-, prəi-, prī-, pri- :: to like, feel friendly/well-disposed] --
<frijōn> to love
--
[
Pokorny
prāi-, prəi-, prī-, pri- :: to like, feel friendly/well-disposed] --
<frisahts> image
--
[
Pokorny
2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --
<frōdei> wisdom, understanding
--
<fruma> former, first
--
[
Pokorny
2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --
<frumabaúr> first-born
--
[
Pokorny
2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --
<fugls> bird, fowl
--
[
Pokorny
pleu- :: to
flee,
fly, run;
flow, swim] --
<fulhsni> hidden thing, secret
--
<fullafahjan> to satisfy, to serve
--
[
Pokorny
1. pek̑-, pēk̑-, pōk̑- :: to be joyful, make pretty] --
<fulls> full
--
[
Pokorny
1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour,
fill;
full,
plenary; town?] --
<gabaíran> to bring forth
--
<gabeidan> to abide, to await
--
<gabōtjan> to make useful, to restore
--
<gabrannjan> to burn
--
<gabruka> fragment
--
[
Pokorny
1. bhreg̑- :: to
break] --
<gadáiljan> to divide
--
<gadriusan> to fall, fail
--
<gafastan> to keep, hold fast
--
<gafulljan> to fill
--
<gaggan> to come, go
--
[
Pokorny
g̑hengh- :: to step, stride, march] --
<gagrēfts> decree
--
<gaháusjan> to hear
--
<gaƕeilan> to cease
--
<gaƕeitjan> to whiten
--
<gajukō> parable
--
<gakannjan> to make known
--
<galagjan> to lay, put
--
<galáubeins> faith, belief
--
<galáubjan> to believe
--
[
Pokorny
leubh- :: to
love, like, care for] --
<galeikōn> to be like
--
<Galeilaia> Galilee
--
<Galeilaius> Galilean
--
<galeiþan> to go, travel
--
[
Pokorny
2. leit(h)- :: to die, go away] --
<galisan> to gather
--
<galūkan> to shut, to close
--
[
Pokorny
1. leug- :: to bend] --
<gamēljan> to write, enroll
--
<ganiman> to take to oneself, to take with oneself
--
<ganiþjis> kinsman
--
<ganōhs> enough
--
[
Pokorny
enek̑-, nek̑-, enk̑-, n̥k̑- :: to reach, obtain] --
<gaqumþs> assembly, synagogue
--
[
Pokorny
gu̯ā-, gu̯em- :: to
come, go] --
<gards> house, household
--
[
Pokorny
g̑herdh-, and gherdh- :: to
gird, enclose, encompass] --
<garēhsns> time, determination, design, plan
--
[
Pokorny
2. rē̆k- :: to
reck,
reckon, arrange, prepare] --
<garuns> street
--
[
Pokorny
3. er- : or- : r- :: to move, set in motion] --
<gasaíƕan> to see
--
<gasakan> to rebuke, to reprove
--
[
Pokorny
sāg- :: to
seek, track, trail] --
<gasalbōn> annoint
--
<gasatjan> to set, to place
--
<gasinþja> companion, company
--
<gasitan> to sit
--
<gastandan> to stay
--
<gastangqjan> to dash against
--
<gataíran> to destroy, to break
--
[
Pokorny
4. der-, heavy-base derə-, drē- :: to cut, skin, split,
tear] --
<gatarhjan> to expose, to make public
--
[
Pokorny
derk̑- :: to look] --
<gataúrnan> to vanish, to be destroyed
--
[
Pokorny
4. der-, heavy-base derə-, drē- :: to cut, skin, split,
tear] --
<gatáujan> to do, make
--
<gateihan> to tell
--
[
Pokorny
deik̑- :: to
teach, show] --
<gatiuhan> to lead, to bring
--
[
Pokorny
deuk- :: to
tug, pull, drag,
tow] --
<gaþaúrsnan> to be withered
--
[
Pokorny
ters- :: to
toast, dry;
thirst] --
<gaþliuhan> to flee
--
<gawaírþi> peace
--
<gawandjan> to bring back, return
--
<gawaúrkjan> to make
--
<gáumjan> to observe, perceive, see
--
[
Pokorny
ghou̯(ē)- :: to
gawk, be aware of, pay attention to] --
<giban> to give, yield
--
[
Pokorny
ghabh- :: to take, grab, seize] --
<gibla> gable, pinnacle
--
[
Pokorny
ghebh-el-, ghebh-el-, ghebh-elo- :: gable, head] --
<gilstramēleins> taxation, taxing
--
<glitmunjan> to glitter, to shine
--
[
Pokorny
1. g̑hel-, and ghel-?, also as i-, u-, or n-stem; g̑helə-, g̑hlē-, g̑hlō-, g̑hlə- :: to shine,
glare,
glow;
gold,
yellow, bright color] --
<gōþs, gōds> good
--
[
Pokorny
ghedh-, ghodh- :: to join, unite,
gather, make a bond] --
<grēdags> hungry
--
[
Pokorny
1. g̑her- :: to desire,
yearn for] --
<grētan> to weep
--
[
Pokorny
1. gher- :: (onomatopoeic: to snarl, rattle, etc.)] --
<guþ> God
--
[
Pokorny
g̑hau-, g̑hau̯ə- :: to call] --
<haban> to have
--
[
Pokorny
kap- :: to
cop, grab, grasp;
have?] --
<haírda> herd
--
[
Pokorny
k̑erdho-, k̑erdhā :: line, row,
herd] --
<haírdeis> herdsman
--
[
Pokorny
k̑erdho-, k̑erdhā :: line, row,
herd] --
<haírtō> heart
--
[
Pokorny
k̑ered- : k̑erd-, k̑ērd-, k̑r̥d-, k̑red- :: heart] --
<haldis> rather, more
--
<handus> hand
--
<harjis> army, host
--
[
Pokorny
koro-s, kori̯o-s :: war, army, warrior] --
<hauhs> high
--
[
Pokorny
2. keu-, keu̯ə- :: to bend] --
<hausjan> to hear
--
[
Pokorny
1. keu-, skeu-, lengthened grade kēu- :: to see,
hear, observe,
hearken, attend to] --
<haúrds> door
--
[
Pokorny
kert-, kerət-, krāt- :: to roll, turn, wind] --
<haúrnjan> to blow a horn
--
<hawi> grass
--
[
Pokorny
kāu-, kəu- :: to
hew, cut, hit] --
<hazjan> to praise
--
<háifsts> fight, strife
--
[
Pokorny
k̑ēi-bh- :: fast,
hasty, violent] --
<háitan> to call
--
[
Pokorny
kēi- :: to move, set in motion] --
<háuhisti> the highest
--
<háuhjan> to exalt, to glorify
--
<háuhs> high
--
<háusjan> to hear, listen
--
<her\> here
--
[
Pokorny
k̑o-, k̑e-, with the particle k̑e, k̑(e)i-, k̑(i)i̯o- :: this;
here] --
<Hēlias> Elias
--
<hēr> here
--
[
Pokorny
k̑o-, k̑e-, with the particle k̑e, k̑(e)i-, k̑(i)i̯o- :: this;
here] --
<hēþjō> room, chamber
--
[
Pokorny
kē̆t-, kot- :: room, dwelling place] --
<himinakunds> heavenly
--
[
Pokorny
1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce,
generate] --
<himins> heaven
--
[
Pokorny
3. k̑em- :: to wrap, cover, conceal] --
<*his> this
--
<hláifs> bread, loaf
--
<hláiw> grave, tomb
--
<hleiduma> left; (fem. subst.) left hand, left side
--
[
Pokorny
k̑lei- :: to
lean,
incline, tip (over)] --
<*hlija> tent, tabernacle
--
[
Pokorny
k̑lei- :: to
lean,
incline, tip (over)] --
<hugjan> to think, to suppose
--
<hund> hundred
--
[
Pokorny
dek̑m̥, dek̑m̥-t, dek̑u- :: ten,
decade] --
<ƕa> why
--
[
Pokorny
ku̯o-, ku̯e-, fem. ku̯ā, ku̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --
<ƕan> at any time
--
[
Pokorny
ku̯o-, ku̯e-, fem. ku̯ā, ku̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --
<ƕarjizuh> each, every
--
<ƕas> who, what
--
[
Pokorny
ku̯o-, ku̯e-, fem. ku̯ā, ku̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --
<ƕaþrō> whence, where
--
<ƕazuh> each, every
--
<ƕáiwa> how, in what way
--
[
Pokorny
1. ei- :: to go,
exit] --
<ƕeits> white
--
[
Pokorny
3. k̑uei-, extended kuei-d-, kuei-s-, kuei-t- :: to shine;
white] --
<Iaírusalēm> Jerusalem
--
<Iaírusaúlwma> Jerusalem
--
<Iakōb> Jacob, James
--
<Iakōbus> Jacob, James
--
<*Iaúrdanus> Jordan
--
<ibái> lest, that not
--
[
Pokorny
2. bhē̆, bhō̆ :: (emphatic particle)] --
<Iēsus> Jesus
--
<ik> I
--
[
Pokorny
eg̑-, eg̑(h)om, eg̑ō :: ego,
I (pronoun)] --
<in> into, towards; on account of; in, among, by
--
[
Pokorny
1. en :: in] --
<ingramjan> to provoke
--
<inkilþō> with child
--
[
Pokorny
1. gel- :: to curl, form into ball; round] --
<inmáidjan> to transfigure
--
[
Pokorny
2. mei-t(h)- :: to
commute, (ex)change] --
<insaíƕan> to look upon, regard
--
<*insakan> to designate, to put forth
--
<inweitan> to worship
--
[
Pokorny
2. u̯(e)id- :: to
vide, see,
wit, know] --
<inwindiþa> injustice
--
[
Pokorny
1. u̯ei-, u̯ei̯ə- : u̯ī̆- :: to bend, turn, wind] --
<inwisan> to be present, near at hand
--
<Iōhannēs> John
--
<Iōsēf> Joseph
--
<is> he, she, it
--
[
Pokorny
3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --
<ita> it
--
[
Pokorny
3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --
<iþ> but, however, if
--
[
Pokorny
eti :: out, beyond, etc.] --
<Iudaia> Judea
--
<*Iudaieis> Jew
--
<izwar> your, yours
--
<jabái> if, even if, although
--
[
Pokorny
2. bhē̆, bhō̆ :: (emphatic particle)] --
<jah> and, also
--
<jaþþē> and if, whether
--
<jáinar> yonder, there
--
<jáins> that
--
[
Pokorny
eno-, possibly e-no- : ono- : no- : -ne- :: that] --
<jēr> year
--
[
Pokorny
1. ei- :: to go,
exit] --
<ju> now, already
--
[
Pokorny
3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --
<juggaláuþs> young man
--
[
Pokorny
1. leudh- :: to grow up; free; people] --
<káisar> Caesar
--
<kindins> governor
--
[
Pokorny
1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce,
generate] --
<klismjan> to clang
--
<klismō> cymbal
--
<Xristus> Christ
--
<kunnan> to know
--
[
Pokorny
2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to
ken,
know,
recognize] --
<kunþi> knowledge
--
[
Pokorny
2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to
ken,
know,
recognize] --
<kunþs> known, acquaintance
--
[
Pokorny
2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to
ken,
know,
recognize] --
<Kwreinaíus> Cyrenius
--
<land> land, country
--
[
Pokorny
3. lendh- :: heath, steppe, open
land] --
<láisareis> teacher, master
--
<láiseins> doctrine, teaching
--
<láisjan> to teach
--
[
Pokorny
leis- :: to furrow;
learn] --
<láistjan> to follow
--
[
Pokorny
leis- :: to furrow;
learn] --
<láun> reward, wage
--
[
Pokorny
lāu- :: to acquire (as booty), enjoy something] --
<láusjan> to free, to deliver
--
[
Pokorny
2. leu- :: to free, cut off, separate] --
<leik> body, flesh
--
[
Pokorny
2. lē̆ig-, līg- :: form, appearance;
like, similar] --
<leitils> little
--
[
Pokorny
2. lei- :: to dissipate, disappear; thin, weak] --
<liban> to live
--
[
Pokorny
1. kai-, kai-u̯o-, kai-u̯elo- :: alone] --
<liufs> dear, beloved
--
[
Pokorny
leubh- :: to
love, like, care for] --
<liuta> hypocrite
--
<magan> to be able
--
[
Pokorny
magh- : māgh- :: to help, be able;
might, power] --
<Magdalēnē> Magdalene
--
<magula> little boy
--
<magus> boy, son
--
[
Pokorny
maghos :: maiden, young person] --
<mahts> power
--
[
Pokorny
magh- : māgh- :: to help, be able;
might, power] --
<manag> much, many
--
<managáim> much, many
--
<managei> crowd, multitude
--
<manags> much, many
--
<manasēþs> mankind, the world
--
[
Pokorny
2. sē(i)- : səi- : sī-, sē- : sə-, and sei- : si- :: to
sow, dispatch,
disseminate, let fall] --
<manna> man
--
[
Pokorny
manu-s, or monu-s :: man, human being] --
<mannahun> (always with negative) (no) one, (n)one
--
<marei> sea, lake
--
[
Pokorny
mori, mōri :: mere, sea] --
<Maria> Mary
--
<Marja> Mary
--
<markaíllius> Marcellus
--
<matjan> to eat
--
[
Pokorny
mad- :: to drip; wet; fat, glossy, well-fed] --
<maúrgins> morning
--
[
Pokorny
2. mer- :: to flicker, shimmer] --
<meins> my, mine
--
[
Pokorny
1. me- :: me (1st pers. sg. oblique pronoun stem)] --
<mēl> time, season
--
[
Pokorny
3. mē-, m-e-t- :: to
measure] --
<mēljan> to register, to enroll
--
[
Pokorny
6. mel-, melə- :: dark color (black, dirty, etc.)] --
<midjis> middle
--
[
Pokorny
medhi-, medhi̯o- :: middle] --
<midjungards> earth, world
--
[
Pokorny
medhi-, medhi̯o- :: middle] --
<mikilei> greatness
--
[
Pokorny
meg̑(h)- : meg̑(h)- :: big,
much, great,
major,
mega-] --
<mikils> great
--
[
Pokorny
meg̑(h)- : meg̑(h)- :: big,
much, great,
major,
mega-] --
<milhma> cloud
--
[
Pokorny
2. melk-, melg- :: wet] --
<missadēþs> misdeed, sin
--
<missō> reciprocally, the one the other, one to another
--
[
Pokorny
2. mei-t(h)- :: to
commute, (ex)change] --
<mitōn> to think, consider
--
[
Pokorny
1. med- :: to
mete, allot;
medicate, give advice] --
<miþ> with, among, together with, through, by, near
--
[
Pokorny
2. me- :: by, with, amidst, around] --
<miþfaginōn> to rejoice with
--
<miþsatjan> to move, to remove
--
<miþþanei> while, during, when
--
<mizdō> reward
--
[
Pokorny
mizdhó- :: fee, pay,
meed, reward] --
<Mōsēs> Moses
--
<nahts> night
--
[
Pokorny
neku̯-(t-), noku̯-t-s :: night] --
<namō> name
--
[
Pokorny
en(o)mn̥-, (o)nomn̥, nōmn̥ :: name] --
<nasjan> to save
--
[
Pokorny
nes- :: to unite; be concealed] --
<Nazaraíþ> Nazareth
--
<Nazaraíus> Nazarene, of Nazareth
--
<nēƕa> near
--
[
Pokorny
enek̑-, nek̑-, enk̑-, n̥k̑- :: to reach, obtain] --
<ni> not
--
[
Pokorny
1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle:
no, etc.)] --
<nibái (niba)> unless, except
--
[
Pokorny
2. bhē̆, bhō̆ :: (emphatic particle)] --
<niman> to take, receive
--
[
Pokorny
1. nem- :: to
nim, take, give, count, apportion] --
<niuklahs> young, childish
--
[
Pokorny
1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce,
generate] --
<nu> now, therefore
--
[
Pokorny
nū̆- :: now] --
<ōgan> to be afraid
--
<*ōgan> to fear, to be afraid
--
<Paítrus> Peter
--
<paska> Passover
--
<*plapja> street, square
--
<praúfētja> prophecy
--
<praúfētjan> to prophesy
--
<praúfētus> prophet
--
<qáinōn> to lament
--
[
Pokorny
1. gu̯ei- :: to cry, weep, complain] --
<qeins> wife
--
<qiman> to come, arrive
--
[
Pokorny
gu̯ā-, gu̯em- :: to
come, go] --
<qiþan> to say, speak
--
[
Pokorny
2. gu̯et- :: to speak, talk] --
<rabbei> rabbi, master, teacher
--
<raginōn> to rule
--
<raíhtis> indeed
--
<raþjō> number
--
[
Pokorny
1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit] --
<razda> tongue, language
--
[
Pokorny
rā̆s- :: to cry, (re)sound] --
<reirō> trembling
--
[
Pokorny
rei-r(ēi)- :: (onomatopoeic: to quake, tremble)] --
<rōdjan> to speak
--
[
Pokorny
1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit] --
<rūms> room
--
[
Pokorny
reu̯ə- : rū- :: to
ream, open; wide,
roomy] --
<rūna> mystery, secret
--
[
Pokorny
1. reu-, rēu-, rū̆- :: (onomatopoeic: to roar,
rout,
round, etc.)] --
<sa, so, þata> this, that
--
[
Pokorny
so(s), sā :: (nom. sg. demonstrative stem: he,
she)] --
<sabaíllius> Sabellius
--
<sabbatō> Sabbath
--
<sabbatus> Sabbath
--
<*sads> satisfied
--
<saei> who, he who, which
--
[
Pokorny
3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --
<saian> to sow
--
[
Pokorny
2. sē(i)- : səi- : sī-, sē- : sə-, and sei- : si- :: to
sow, dispatch,
disseminate, let fall] --
<saíhs> six
--
[
Pokorny
su̯ek̑s, sek̑s, ksek̑s, ksu̯ek̑s, u̯ek̑s : uk̑s :: six] --
<saíhs tigjus> sixty
--
<saíƕan> to see
--
[
Pokorny
2. seku̯- :: to
see, notice; show,
say, speak] --
<Salōmē> Salome
--
<sama> same
--
[
Pokorny
2. sem- :: one,
some, together] --
<samaleikō> in like manner, likewise
--
<Saúr> Syrian
--
<sái> lo, behold
--
<Seimōn> Simon
--
<seina> one's own
--
<*seins> one's own
--
[
Pokorny
se- :: self, one's own] --
<sēls> kind, good
--
[
Pokorny
6. sel-, selə- : slā- :: lucky, favorable; luck] --
<sibun> seven
--
[
Pokorny
septm̥ :: seven] --
<sik> himself, herself, oneself
--
[
Pokorny
ghe-, gho- :: (enclitic (emphatic?) particle)] --
<silba> self
--
[
Pokorny
se- :: self, one's own] --
<sildaleikjan> to wonder, to marvel
--
<sinteins> daily
--
[
Pokorny
2. sem- :: one,
some, together] --
<sipōneis> disciple
--
<sitan> to sit
--
[
Pokorny
sed- :: to
sit,
set,
settle] --
<siuks> sick
--
[
Pokorny
seug- :: sad,
sick, grievous, afflicted] --
<skatts> coin, denarius
--
<skip> ship
--
[
Pokorny
skē̆i- :: to cut,
skive,
exscind, separate] --
<skuggwa> mirror
--
[
Pokorny
2. (s)keu-, (s)keu̯ə : (s)kū- :: to
hide, wrap, cover] --
<skula> owing, in debt, guilty; (weak subst.) debtor
--
[
Pokorny
2. (s)kel- :: to owe, be guilty] --
<*skulan> to owe, be obliged
--
[
Pokorny
2. (s)kel- :: to owe, be guilty] --
<snáiws> snow
--
[
Pokorny
sneigu̯h- :: to
snow;
snow] --
<sōkjan> to seek, ask
--
[
Pokorny
sāg- :: to
seek, track, trail] --
<spillōn> to tell, relate
--
[
Pokorny
(s)pel- :: to speak aloud, tell with emphasis] --
<standan> to stand
--
[
Pokorny
stā- : stə- :: to
stand] --
<staþs> place; land
--
[
Pokorny
stā- : stə- :: to
stand] --
<stáinahs> stony
--
<stáins> stone
--
[
Pokorny
stāi-, stī̆-, sti̯-ā- :: to condense, press together; stiff;
stone] --
<stibna> voice
--
<stiks> point, moment
--
[
Pokorny
(s)teig- :: to
stick, prick; sharp] --
<suman> once, formerly; in part
--
<sums> some, one
--
[
Pokorny
2. sem- :: one,
some, together] --
<sundrō> alone, apart
--
[
Pokorny
seni-, senu-, seni-, sn̥-ter- :: for oneself;
sundry, separate] --
<sunja> truth
--
[
Pokorny
es- :: is, to be] --
<sunnō> sun
--
[
Pokorny
sā́u̯el-, sāu̯ol-, suu̯él-, su̯el-, sūl- :: Sol,
sun] --
<suns> at once, soon
--
<sunus> son
--
[
Pokorny
2. seu-, seu̯ə-, sū̆- :: to bear (a child);
son] --
<swa> so, thus, as
--
[
Pokorny
se- :: self, one's own] --
<swaleiks> such
--
[
Pokorny
se- :: self, one's own] --
<swaswē> as, just as; so as; so as to, so that
--
[
Pokorny
se- :: self, one's own] --
<swē> like, as, just as; so that; about
--
[
Pokorny
se- :: self, one's own] --
<swēþáuh> indeed, however
--
<Swria> Syria
--
<taíhswa> right; (fem. subst.) right hand, right side
--
[
Pokorny
1. dek̑- :: to take] --
<taíhuntēhund> hundred
--
[
Pokorny
dek̑m̥, dek̑m̥-t, dek̑u- :: ten,
decade] --
<taujan> to do
--
[
Pokorny
2. deu-, or dou- : du- :: to worship, venerate; mighty] --
<táikns> sign, wonder
--
[
Pokorny
deik̑- :: to
teach, show] --
<táinjō> basket
--
<táujan> to do, to make
--
[
Pokorny
2. deu-, or dou- : du- :: to worship, venerate; mighty] --
<*Tibaíriadeis> Tiberians
--
<tiuhan> to lead, to guide
--
[
Pokorny
2. deu-, or dou- : du- :: to worship, venerate; mighty] --
<twa> two
--
[
Pokorny
du̯ō(u) :: two,
duo] --
<twalibwintrus> twelve years old
--
<twalif> twelve
--
<twái> two
--
[
Pokorny
du̯ō(u) :: two,
duo] --
<þaírh> through; by, by means of; on account of
--
[
Pokorny
5. ter- :: through, over, etc.] --
<þaírhwakan> to stay awake
--
<þan> when, as (long as); then, at that time; but, and, however
--
<þan> then, when
--
<þanaseiþs> further, still
--
[
Pokorny
2. sē(i)- : səi- : sī-, sē- : sə-, and sei- : si- :: to
sow, dispatch,
disseminate, let fall] --
<þar> there
--
[
Pokorny
1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)] --
<þaruh> therefore, but, and; there; now
--
<þata> the
--
[
Pokorny
1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)] --
<þata> this, that
--
[
Pokorny
1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)] --
<þatáinei> only
--
<þatei> that, because, if
--
<þaþrō> thence
--
[
Pokorny
1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)] --
<þaþrōh> afterwards, thence
--
<þaúrban> to need, to be in want
--
[
Pokorny
terp-, trep- :: to enjoy, satisfy oneself] --
<þaúrnus> thorn
--
[
Pokorny
7. (s)ter-n- :: thorn, prickly stalk] --
<þáu> then, in that case
--
[
Pokorny
3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --
<þáuhjabái> even though
--
<þei> that, so that; as
--
[
Pokorny
1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)] --
<þeihan> to thrive, to prosper
--
[
Pokorny
2. tenk- :: to clot, thicken, contract;
tight, solid] --
<þeins> thy, thine, your, yours
--
<þisƕazuh> whoever, whosoever
--
<þiuda> people; (pl.) heathens, Gentiles
--
[
Pokorny
tēu-, təu-, teu̯ə-, tu̯ō-, tū̆- :: to swell,
intumesce] --
<þiudangardi> kingdom
--
<þiudinassus> kingdom
--
<*þreis> three
--
[
Pokorny
trei- :: three,
trio] --
<þreis tigjus> thirty
--
<þu> thou, you
--
[
Pokorny
tū̆ :: thou, you] --
<þugkjan> to seem
--
[
Pokorny
1. tong-, *teng- :: to
think, feel] --
<þulan> to endure, to bear
--
[
Pokorny
1. tel-, telə-, tlē(i)-, tlā- :: to bear, carry; weigh, lift up] --
<þungkjan> to seem
--
<þūsundi> thousand
--
[
Pokorny
tēu-, təu-, teu̯ə-, tu̯ō-, tū̆- :: to swell,
intumesce] --
<-u> (interrogative particle, attached enclitically to first word of its clause)
--
[
Pokorny
4. au-, u- : u̯ē̆-, u̯o- :: other; that (one)] --
<ubils> bad, evil
--
[
Pokorny
upo, up, eup, (e)up-s- :: under, (from) below, etc.] --
<ufar> over, above, beyond
--
[
Pokorny
upér, upéri :: over, above] --
<ufarō> above, upon, over
--
[
Pokorny
upér, upéri :: over, above] --
<ufarskadwjan> to over-shadow
--
<ufarsteigan> to spring up, to mount up
--
<ufblēsan> to puff up
--
[
Pokorny
3. bhel-, bhlē- :: to grow, spread, swell,
inflate] --
<ufbrinnan> to scorch
--
<ufhaban> to hold up, to bear up
--
<ufháusjan> to obey, to be obedient
--
<ufkunnan> to know, to recognize
--
<-uh> but, and, now, therefore
--
[
Pokorny
1. ku̯e :: (enclitic) and] --
<und> up to, until, for
--
[
Pokorny
ant-s :: brow, front,
anterior] --
<unhulþō> unclean spirit, evil spirit
--
<unsar> our, ours
--
<untē> for, because, since, until
--
<urreisan> to arise
--
[
Pokorny
3. er- : or- : r- :: to move, set in motion] --
<urrinnan> to rise, come from, go forth
--
[
Pokorny
3. er- : or- : r- :: to move, set in motion] --
<us> out, out of, from
--
[
Pokorny
ū̆d- :: out, away, up(wards)] --
<usagjan> to frighten, to terrify
--
[
Pokorny
agh- :: to
ail, fear, be depressed] --
<usbeisneigs> long-suffering, patient
--
<usbugjan> to buy
--
<usfilmei> amazement
--
<usfullnan> to be fulfilled
--
<usgaggan> to go out
--
<usgeisnan> to be amazed, astonished
--
[
Pokorny
gheis-, and g̑heiz-d- :: shocked,
aghast, confused] --
<usgiban> to reward, to give out
--
<ushafjan> to lift up
--
<ushramjan> to crucify
--
<usstandan> to stand up, rise
--
<ustiuhan> to lead out; to complete
--
<uswaírpan> to cast out, to reject
--
<uzēta> manger
--
[
Pokorny
ed- :: to
eat] --
<ūta> out, without
--
[
Pokorny
ū̆d- :: out, away, up(wards)] --
<wahsjan> to grow, to increase
--
[
Pokorny
au̯eg-, u̯ōg-, aug-, ug- :: to
augment, increase, magnify] --
<wahstus> size, stature
--
[
Pokorny
au̯eg-, u̯ōg-, aug-, ug- :: to
augment, increase, magnify] --
<wahtwō> watch
--
<waíhsta> corner
--
[
Pokorny
4. u̯eik-, u̯eig-, extended form of u̯ei- :: to bend, curve; exchange, pass around] --
<waíhts> thing
--
[
Pokorny
u̯ek-ti- :: whit, thing] --
<waír> man
--
[
Pokorny
u̯ī̆ro-s :: man, warrior] --
<waírpan> to throw, to cast
--
[
Pokorny
3b. u̯er-, u̯er-b-, and u̯er-bh- :: to bend, turn,
warp] --
<waírþan> to become, to happen
--
[
Pokorny
3h. u̯er-, u̯er-t- :: to turn, wind,
invert] --
<waldufni> authority
--
<wasti> garment
--
[
Pokorny
5. u̯es- :: to dress, clothe,
wear] --
<*wasti> garment
--
[
Pokorny
5. u̯es- :: to dress, clothe,
wear] --
<waúrd> word
--
[
Pokorny
6. u̯er- :: to speak, talk formally] --
<waúrkjan> to work, to make
--
[
Pokorny
2. u̯erg̑-, u̯reg̑- :: to do,
work, be effective] --
<waúrts> root
--
[
Pokorny
u̯(e)rād-, u̯erəd-, u̯rəd- :: root, branch, twig] --
<weihnan> to be hallowed
--
<weihs> holy
--
[
Pokorny
1. u̯eik- :: to choose, filter, sort out] --
<weitwōdjan> to bear witness, to testify
--
<wenjan> to hope, to expect
--
[
Pokorny
1. u̯en-, u̯enə- :: to love,
venerate, strive/
wish for] --
<wigs> way, road, journey
--
[
Pokorny
u̯eg̑h- :: to move, drive, carry,
convey] --
<wilja> will
--
[
Pokorny
2. u̯el-, u̯lei-, u̯lē(i)- :: to
will, want, wish, choose] --
<wiljan> to will, wish
--
[
Pokorny
2. u̯el-, u̯lei-, u̯lē(i)- :: to
will, want, wish, choose] --
<winnan> to suffer
--
[
Pokorny
1. u̯en-, u̯enə- :: to love,
venerate, strive/
wish for] --
<wisan> to be
--
[
Pokorny
1. u̯es- :: to live, stay overnight] --
<*witan> to know
--
[
Pokorny
2. u̯(e)id- :: to
vide, see,
wit, know] --
<witan> to keep watch, observe
--
[
Pokorny
2. u̯(e)id- :: to
vide, see,
wit, know] --
<wiþra> against, over against; by, near; to, in reply to, in return for; on account of, for
--
[
Pokorny
1. u̯ī̆- :: apart, separate from, in two; both] --
<wratōn> to go, to journey
--
[
Pokorny
3c. u̯er-, u̯(e)r-ed- :: to sway, bend down] --
<wullareis> one who whitens wool, fuller
--
<wulþus> splendor, glory
--
[
Pokorny
1. u̯el- :: to see] --