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Old Norse Online

Norse: Base Form Dictionary

This Base Form Dictionary index lists, in an alphabetical order suitable to the language and the script employed for it, every unique base form underlying one or more surface (word) forms in lesson texts. For each base form a general meaning (if any) is shown, along with links to every usage, in every numbered lesson, of the associated surface forms. With this index, one may click on any link to perform a quick "usage look-up," and thereby study how surface forms in texts are constructed from base forms.

A new, experimental feature is being introduced to these EIEOL lessons, namely the addition of pointers to Proto-Indo-European roots identified by Julius Pokorny in his monumental work, Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (2 vols. Bern: Franke, 1959-1969; reprinted in 1989). Because Pokorny is becoming increasingly outdated, we may revise these links in the future; however, for the time being, this information might prove interesting to those who are curious about Indo-European etymology. Notice of potential error is always welcome.

<a> not --

<Adam> Adam --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<Aðalsteinn> Athalstan, king of England --

from the Egils saga

<af> out of, from; with; concerning; because of -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from] --

<afl> hearth, fireplace or chimney of a forge --

from the Vǫluspá

<afl> strength -- [Pokorny apelo- :: strength] --

<afráð> payment, tribute; heavy penalty or toll --

from the Vǫluspá

<afrœkjask (kt)> neglect --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<afskræmiliga> hideously --

from the Grettis saga

<af_því_at> because, for --

<ala> give birth to, bear; feed -- [Pokorny 2. al- :: to grow, nourish, enhance] --

<albryniaðr> all clad in mail, in a byrnie --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<aldartal> count of time, age --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<aldgregi, aldri> never --

<allharðr> severe, violent --

from the Grettis saga

<alllítill> very little --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<allmikill> very great --

from the Egils saga

<allr> all, whole; every --

<almáttigr> almighty --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<Alþiófr> Althjof, Great-thief --

from the Vǫluspá

<anddyri> vestibule of hall --

from the Grettis saga

<angan> delight, joy --

from the Vǫluspá

<Angantýr> Angantyr --

<annarr> other, another; second, next; one (of two) -- [Pokorny 2. an- :: there, other side] --

<aptann> evening -- [Pokorny epi, opi, pi :: at, near, epi-] --

from the Vǫluspá

<aptr> back; aft -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from] --

<arfr> inheritance -- [Pokorny orbho- :: weak, abandoned; slave, orphan] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<Arinbjǫrn> Arinbjorn --

<Arngrímr> Arngrim --

<askr> ash tree; spear; Ash -- [Pokorny *ōs, ōs-i-s, ō̆s-en-, os-k- :: ash (tree)] --

<at> to, towards, against; at, in; from; according to; regarding; concerning; after -- [Pokorny 1. ad- :: at, by, to] --

<at> not -- [Pokorny 1. ad- :: at, by, to] --

<at> that -- [Pokorny 1. ad- :: at, by, to] --

<atall> fierce, terrible -- [Pokorny 2. od- :: hatred, disgust, odium, aversion] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<atferð> behavior; energy --

from the Egils saga

<atgeirr> thrusting spear --

<atrið> movement --

from the Grettis saga

<atseta> residence --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<at_því_er> how; as --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<auðigr> wealthy, rich -- [Pokorny 5. au̯-, au̯ē- :: to plait, weave] --

<auðna (að)> (impers.) fall out by fate -- [Pokorny 5. au̯-, au̯ē- :: to plait, weave] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<auðr> wealth, riches, treasure; precious objects -- [Pokorny 5. au̯-, au̯ē- :: to plait, weave] --

<auga> eye --

<augabragð> wink, sidelong glance --

from the Hávamál

<auka> to increase, add -- [Pokorny au̯eg-, u̯ōg-, aug-, ug- :: to augment, increase, magnify] --

<auki> increase -- [Pokorny au̯eg-, u̯ōg-, aug-, ug- :: to augment, increase, magnify] --

from the Grettis saga

<aurvangar> damp or muddy fields --

from the Vǫluspá

<Aurvangr> Aurvang, Mudfield --

from the Vǫluspá

<ausa> ladle; pour; water; (mid.) stream, flow -- [Pokorny aus- :: to draw (water); scoop, ladle] --

from the Vǫluspá

<austan> from the east; east (of); bearing to the east -- [Pokorny au̯es- :: to shine] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<austmaðr> Easterner, Norwegian -- [Pokorny au̯es- :: to shine] --

from the Njáls saga

<Austri> East -- [Pokorny au̯es- :: to shine] --

from the Vǫluspá

<á> river --

from the Egils saga

<á> on, upon; at, in; to, towards; by means of; during; in the manner of -- [Pokorny 4. an-, anu, anō, nō :: on, along, over there] --

<á flot> afloat --

from the Egils saga

<áðr> before, first; until -- [Pokorny ētro- :: quick, swift, hurried] --

<ágirni> greed --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<Ái> Ai, Great-grandfather -- [Pokorny au̯o-s :: maternal grandfather] --

<ákaft> greatly --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<Álfr> Alf, Elf -- [Pokorny albho- :: white, albino] --

from the Vǫluspá

<ámáttr> terrible, loathsome --

The Waking of Angantýr

<ámáttugr> tremendously or overwhelmingly powerful; fearsome; loathesome --

from the Vǫluspá

<Án> An -- [Pokorny ē̆neu, ē̆nu :: without] --

from the Vǫluspá

<Ánarr> Anar --

from the Vǫluspá

<ár> year; (good) season -- [Pokorny 1. ei- :: to go, exit] --

<ár> early, in the early morning; of yore, long ago -- [Pokorny ā̆ier-, ā̆ien- :: day(light), morning] --

<áreið> cavalry charge --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<áss> god -- [Pokorny ansu-, ṇsu- :: ghost, spirit, demon] --

<ástugr> loving, benevolent --

from the Vǫluspá

<átta> eight -- [Pokorny ok̑tō(u) :: eight, octad] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<áttrœðr> eighty years old -- [Pokorny ok̑tō(u) :: eight, octad] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<baðmr> tree -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry] --

from the Vǫluspá

<bagall> episcopal staff, crozier --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<bak> back --

<bana (að)> kill --

<banamaðr> slayer --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<bani> death; cause of death, slayer -- [Pokorny bhen- :: to hit, wound] --

<banna (að)> prohibit, forbid -- [Pokorny 2. bhā- :: to speak] --

<barn> child -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry] --

<baugr> ring; coil --

The Waking of Angantýr

<bautarsteinn> memorial stone --

from the Hávamál

<báðir> both --

<bál> fire -- [Pokorny 1. bhel-, Balto-Slavic also bhelə- :: glittering white] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<Bávǫrr> Bavor --

from the Vǫluspá

<bein> bone; ivory --

<beinahrúga> heap of bones --

<bekkr> bench -- [Pokorny bhog- :: beck, flowing water] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<bera> bear, bring, carry; wear; give birth to; overcome; endure; bear (witness) -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry] --

<berja (barði)> smite, beat; (refl.) fight -- [Pokorny 3. bher- :: to bore, cut, scrape, use sharp tool] --

<berja (barði, bariðr)> smite, beat; (refl.) fight -- [Pokorny 3. bher- :: to bore, cut, scrape, use sharp tool] --

from the Grettis saga

<berserkr> berserk --

The Waking of Angantýr

<betr> better; more -- [Pokorny bhā̆d- :: good, better] --

<betri> better -- [Pokorny bhā̆d- :: good, better] --

<beztr> best -- [Pokorny bhā̆d- :: good, better] --

<biða (að)> await -- [Pokorny 1. bheidh- :: to force; advise, confide, encourage] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<biðja> ask; beg; pray; bid -- [Pokorny 2. bhedh- :: to flex, bend, crook] --

<bifask (ð, að)> tremble; move; march --

from the Grettis saga

<bikkja> bitch, dog --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<biǫð> land --

from the Vǫluspá

<biskup> bishop --

<bíta> bite, cut -- [Pokorny bheid- :: to bite, prick, pierce, split] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<Bívǫrr> Bivor --

from the Vǫluspá

<bjalla> bell -- [Pokorny 6. bhel- :: to speak, bell, bellow, resound] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<bjarg> rock; mountain -- [Pokorny bhereg̑h-, bherg̑hos- :: high, noble; barrow, mountain] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<bjóða> offer, provide; command, summon -- [Pokorny bheudh-, nasalized bhu-n-dh- :: to awaken, be aware] --

<bjǫð> land(s), (pl.) fields --

from the Egils saga

<blanda (blett, -að)> blend, mix -- [Pokorny bhlendh- :: dim, pale, blond, reddish] --

from the Vǫluspá

<Bláinn> Blain --

from the Vǫluspá

<blár> blue; black -- [Pokorny bhlē-u̯o-s :: a light color (blue, yellow)] --

<blesóttr> having a white blaze on the forehead -- [Pokorny bhles- :: to shine, glitter] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<blindr> blind -- [Pokorny bhlendh- :: dim, pale, blond, reddish] --

from the Hávamál

<blóð> blood --

<blóm> flower -- [Pokorny 4. bhel-, and bhlē-, bhlō-, bhlə- :: leaf, foil, blade; bloom] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<boðorð> commandment --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<bokki> buck; fellow -- [Pokorny bhū̆g̑o-s, familiar form bhukko-s :: buck, goat] --

<borðveggr> board wall, wall made of planks --

from the Vǫluspá

<borg> castle, fortress; funeral pyre --

from the Vǫluspá

<bók> book -- [Pokorny bhāgó-s :: beech (tree)] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<bóndason> son of a farmer, son of a yeoman --

from the Egils saga

<bóndi> yeoman, franklin; husband --

from the Grettis saga

<bót> compensation, atonement -- [Pokorny bhā̆d- :: good, better] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<Bǫðvarr> battle, Bothvar -- [Pokorny 1. bhedh- :: to dig, stab, pierce, embed] --

<Bǫmburr> Bombur --

from the Vǫluspá

<bragða (að)> move, stir -- [Pokorny bherək̑-, bhrēk̑- :: to shine, glitter] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<braka (að)> crack, creak -- [Pokorny 1. bhreg̑- :: to break] --

from the Grettis saga

<brandr> piece of firewood -- [Pokorny bhrēi-, bhrī̆- :: to fray, pierce, cut with sharp tool] --

from the Hávamál

<braut> road -- [Pokorny 1. bhrē̆u-, bhrū̆- :: to break, cut, pierce] --

<bráðr> hasty, impatient -- [Pokorny 2. bher- :: to boil, swell, well up] --

from the Hávamál

<bregða> move quickly; throw; draw (sword) -- [Pokorny bherək̑-, bhrēk̑- :: to shine, glitter] --

<brenna> (intrans.) burn, be on fire -- [Pokorny bh(e)reu- : bh(e)rū̆- :: to brew, boil, surge, be wild] --

<brenna (d)> (trans.) burn, light, set on fire -- [Pokorny bh(e)reu- : bh(e)rū̆- :: to brew, boil, surge, be wild] --

<Brimir> sword; (name of a sword); (name of a giant) --

from the Vǫluspá

<brjóst> breast --

<brjóta> (trans.) break, destroy; distribute; (mid.) exert oneself --

<brotna (að)> (intrans.) break, be broken --

from the Grettis saga

<bróðir> brother -- [Pokorny bhrā́ter- :: brother, family member] --

<brǫkon> clashing --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<brunnr> burn, spring, well --

from the Vǫluspá

<brúðr> bride, young married woman; wife --

from the Vǫluspá

<brúnáss> ridge-beam --

from the Njáls saga

<brynja> coat of mail --

<brynjulauss> without mail, unprotected --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<buðlungr> king, prince --

The Waking of Angantýr

<bughr> curve --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<burðr> birth -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<Burr> Bur, Odin's father --

from the Vǫluspá

<búa> be ready, prepare, secure -- [Pokorny bheu-, bheu̯ə-, bhu̯ā-, bhu̯ē- : bhō̆u- : bhū- :: to be, exist; grow, prosper] --

<bygð> dwelling, settlement --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<byggja (gð)> dwell, settle; build, inhabit -- [Pokorny bheu-, bheu̯ə-, bhu̯ā-, bhu̯ē- : bhō̆u- : bhū- :: to be, exist; grow, prosper] --

<byrðr> burden, load -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry] --

<bæði> both --

<bœgr> shoulder -- [Pokorny bhāg̑hú-s :: elbow, forearm] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<bœr> farmhouse, farmstead; farm, landed estate; town --

from the Grettis saga

<dagr> day -- [Pokorny ā̆g̑her-, ā̆g̑hen-, ā̆g̑hes-, or ō̆g̑her etc. :: day, dawn] --

<dalr> dale, dell, valley -- [Pokorny 1. dhel-, dholo- :: curve; dell, hollow] --

<dauðr> death -- [Pokorny 2. dheu-, dhu̯-ēi- :: to die, faint, vanish] --

from the Hávamál

<dauðr> dead -- [Pokorny 2. dheu-, dhu̯-ēi- :: to die, faint, vanish] --

<daufr> deaf -- [Pokorny 4. dheu-, dheu̯ə-, presumably dhu̯ē-, compare suffixes dhu̯ē-k-, dhu̯ē̆-s- :: to blow, dissipate, fly about like dust, etc.] --

from the Hávamál

<deila (d)> divide; distinguishk quarrel, contend -- [Pokorny dā : də-, and dāi- : dəi-, dī̆- :: to share, divide] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<deili> (pl.) details -- [Pokorny dā : də-, and dāi- : dəi-, dī̆- :: to share, divide] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<detta> drop, fall -- [Pokorny 3. dhen- :: to hit, ding, push, thrust] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<deyja> die, pass away -- [Pokorny 2. dheu-, dhu̯-ēi- :: to die, faint, vanish] --

<digr> big, stout; thick; deep -- [Pokorny dheig̑h- :: to build, knead clay] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<djarfr> bold, daring -- [Pokorny dherebh- :: to harden; coagulated] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<djúpr> deep -- [Pokorny dheu-b-, dheu-p- :: deep, hollow] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<Dólgþrasir> Dolgthrasir --

from the Vǫluspá

<dóttir> daughter -- [Pokorny dhug(h)əter- :: daughter] --

<dǫgg> (sg. and pl.) dew -- [Pokorny 1. dheu- :: to flow, run] --

from the Vǫluspá

<dǫuðarorð> tidings of death --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<draga> draw, haul -- [Pokorny dherāgh- :: to drag, pull] --

<draugr> undead man, ghost -- [Pokorny 2. dher-, dherə- :: to hold, support] --

<Draupnir> Draupnir --

from the Vǫluspá

<dreifa (ð)> scatter (dat.); besprinkle (acc.) --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<drekka> drink -- [Pokorny dhreg̑- :: to pull] --

<drekkja (kt)> drown (dat.) --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<drengr> (gallant) fellow; warrior -- [Pokorny 2. dher-, dherə- :: to hold, support] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<drengskapr> nobility, courage --

from the Egils saga

<drepa> smite, strike; knock; kill, slay -- [Pokorny dhrebh- :: to drub, crush, grind to pieces] --

<drífa> drive; crowd, throng; rush -- [Pokorny dhreibh- :: to drive, push, thrust] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<drjúgr> lasting, ample, substantial --

from the Hávamál

<dróttinn> leader of the host, lord -- [Pokorny 2. dher-, dherə- :: to hold, support] --

from the Vǫluspá

<drykkr> draught, drink --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<duga> help, aid, be of avail, be of assistance -- [Pokorny dheugh- :: to milk, press, touch] --

<dul> reserve, folly; conceit -- [Pokorny 4. dheu-, dheu̯ə-, presumably dhu̯ē-, compare suffixes dhu̯ē-k-, dhu̯ē̆-s- :: to blow, dissipate, fly about like dust, etc.] --

from the Hávamál

<duna> thunderous noise --

from the Grettis saga

<Durinn> Durin --

<Dvalinn> Dvalin, Delayer --

<dveljask (dvalðisk)> stay; be delayed --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<dvergr> dwarf -- [Pokorny dhu̯ergh- : drugh- :: crippled, dwarf-like, low in stature] --

<dylja (dulði)> keep on in ignorance of; (mid.) deceive oneself -- [Pokorny 4. dheu-, dheu̯ə-, presumably dhu̯ē-, compare suffixes dhu̯ē-k-, dhu̯ē̆-s- :: to blow, dissipate, fly about like dust, etc.] --

from the Egils saga

<dyrr> door, doorway -- [Pokorny dhu̯ē̆r-, dhu̯ō̆r-, dhur-, dhu̯r̥- :: door] --

<dys> grave -- [Pokorny dheu̯es-, dhu̯ē̆s-, dheus-, dhū̆s- :: to blow, dissipate, fly about like dust, etc.] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<dýr> (wild) animal -- [Pokorny dheu̯es-, dhu̯ē̆s-, dheus-, dhū̆s- :: to blow, dissipate, fly about like dust, etc.] --

<dýrr> dear, expensive; precious --

<dæll> gentle, easy (to manage) --

<Eadmundr> Eadmund --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<eða> or; and; but --

<eðli> nature, characteristic(s) --

<ef> if; whether; (to see) if; lest -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --

<efstr> uppermost, highest --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<egg> edge -- [Pokorny 2. ak̑-, ok̑- :: sharp, acute, angular; stone] --

<eggja (að)> urge, whet -- [Pokorny 2. ak̑-, ok̑- :: sharp, acute, angular; stone] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<Egill> Egil --

<eiga> own, have, possess; have in marriage; have the power to; have claim to; have duty to -- [Pokorny ēik- :: to own, possess, be capable] --

<eigi> not -- [Pokorny aiu̯-, ai̯u- :: vitality, life force] --

<eigi_at_síðr> nontheless --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<eigna (að)> take possession of -- [Pokorny ēik- :: to own, possess, be capable] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<eignask (að)> gain possession of, get for oneself -- [Pokorny ēik- :: to own, possess, be capable] --

from the Hávamál

<eigu> possession -- [Pokorny ēik- :: to own, possess, be capable] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<eik> oak; tree; ship -- [Pokorny 2. aig- :: oak] --

from the Egils saga

<Eikinskialdi> Eikinskjald, Oakenshield --

<Eilífr> Eilif --

from the Njáls saga

<einga> only -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --

<einn> one; a certain, particular --

<einn> one --

<einnhverr> a certain, some, any --

<einráðinn> resolved --

from the Egils saga

<Eiríkr> Eirik --

<eitr> poison -- [Pokorny oid- :: to swell; strong] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<ek> I --

<ekki> not, by no means -- [Pokorny 1. aig-, nasalized ing- :: ill, sick; depressed, dispirited] --

<eldr> fire -- [Pokorny ai-dh-, i-dh-, nasalized i-n-dh- :: to burn, shine] --

<eljun> endurance --

The Waking of Angantýr

<elli> old age --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<elligar> otherwise -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<elska (að)> love -- [Pokorny 2. al- :: to grow, nourish, enhance] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<Embla> Embla --

from the Vǫluspá

<Emma> Emma --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<en> but, and; than -- [Pokorny ant-s :: brow, front, anterior] --

<endrþaga> silence in return, reciprocated silence --

from the Hávamál

<engi> no, none, no one --

<Englakonungr> king of the Angles --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<England> England --

<Englar> Angles, the English --

<enn> still; also; yet; further; again; moreover; even -- [Pokorny ant-s :: brow, front, anterior] --

<eptir> after, behind; for, to obtain; along; according to; in succession to -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from] --

<er> who, which -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --

<er> who, which; when -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)] --

<Eva> Eve --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<ey> forever; always --

from the Hávamál

<ey> island -- [Pokorny ak^u̯ā-, more accurately ək^u̯ā, ēk^u̯- :: aqua, water, river] --

<eybarmr> surface of an island -- [Pokorny ak^u̯ā-, more accurately ək^u̯ā, ēk^u̯- :: aqua, water, river] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<eyða (dd)> lay waste --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<Eyfura> Eyfura --

The Waking of Angantýr

<eyjarskeggi> inhabitant of an island -- [Pokorny ak^u̯ā-, more accurately ək^u̯ā, ēk^u̯- :: aqua, water, river] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<eyra> ear -- [Pokorny 2. ōus- : əus- : us- :: ear] --

from the Hávamál

<eyrir> ounce of silver --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<faðir> father -- [Pokorny pətḗ(r), genitive pətr-és :: father] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<fagna (að)> be glad; rejoice at, welcome -- [Pokorny 1. pek̑-, pēk̑-, pōk̑- :: to be joyful, make pretty] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<fagr (ran)> fair, beautiful -- [Pokorny 1. pek̑-, pēk̑-, pōk̑- :: to be joyful, make pretty] --

<fall> fall --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<falla> fall, fall down; flow; be slain -- [Pokorny phō̆l- :: to fall] --

<fang> grasp, hold; breast; wrestling, contest; catch; provisions --

from the Grettis saga

<far> track, subject; conduct, deeds; condition --

<fara> fare, happen, turn out; go, move, travel -- [Pokorny 2b. per-, perə- :: to fare, ferry, transport, go/carry over] --

<fararleyfi> leave to depart --

from the Egils saga

<fast> fast, strongly, hard; certainly --

<fastr> firm, fast; hard, severe; continuous -- [Pokorny pasto- :: firm, fast, solid] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<fá> get, take; catch; have, make use of; put; give; receive; suffer; (with ppart.) be able to, get accomplished; (mid.) take place; struggle -- [Pokorny pā̆k̑-, and pā̆g̑- :: to repair, strengthen] --

<fá (ð)> color -- [Pokorny 1. peig-, and peik- :: colored, speckled] --

from the Hávamál

<fár> mischief, malice -- [Pokorny 2e. per- :: to dare, risk, try; peril, danger] --

from the Hávamál

<fár> few -- [Pokorny pōu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: few, small, little; young (of animals)] --

<feikinstafir> (pl.) curses --

The Waking of Angantýr

<fela> hide; make over, commend -- [Pokorny 3b. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to wrap, cover; cloth; fell, pelt] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<feldr> cloak -- [Pokorny 3a. pel- :: to fold] --

<fen> bog, fen -- [Pokorny 2. pen-, pen-ko- :: mud, fen, swamp, water; wet] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<festa (t)> fasten; strengthen; learn by heart; bite, take effect on --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<feta> step; proceed in, begin to -- [Pokorny 2. pē̆d-, pō̆d- :: foot] --

from the Egils saga

<fé> cattle; sheep; money; possessions -- [Pokorny 2. pek̑- :: to fleece; fee, cattle] --

<féhirðir> herdsman --

The Waking of Angantýr

<fimbulþulr> mighty sage --

from the Hávamál

<fimm> five -- [Pokorny penk^u̯e :: five, fifth] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<finna> find, meet; discover; notice; invent -- [Pokorny pent- :: to go, walk, pad, tread; way, path] --

<Finnr> Finn --

from the Vǫluspá

<firar> (pl.) men, people -- [Pokorny perk^u̯u-s :: oak] --

<Fíli> Fili --

from the Vǫluspá

<Fjalarr> Fjalar --

<fjall> mountain, fell -- [Pokorny peli-s-, pel-s- :: fell, rock] --

<fjalltindr> mountain top -- [Pokorny peli-s-, pel-s- :: fell, rock] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<fjara> ebb-tide, fore-shore, beach --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<fjarri> far, far off; by no means --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<fjándmaðr> enemy --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<fjǫðr> feather -- [Pokorny 2. pet-, petə- : ptē-, ptō-, Hellenic ptā- :: to fall, tumble down] --

<fjǫlði> multitude --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<fjǫlgask (að)> multiply --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<fjǫlmennask (t)> become peopled, full of people --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<fjǫr> life --

The Waking of Angantýr

<fjǫtra (að)> fetter, bind --

from the Hávamál

<fláráðr> false, deceitful --

The Waking of Angantýr

<fleiri> more; further, other -- [Pokorny 1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour, fill; full, plenary; town?] --

<flestr> most --

from the Egils saga

<flet> boards of a hall used for seating -- [Pokorny plā̆t-, plā̆d-, plē̆t-, plō̆t-, plət- :: flat, wide, broad; spread out] --

from the Hávamál

<fleygja (gð)> let something fly; shoot; hurl --

from the Vǫluspá

<fljóð> woman --

from the Hávamál

<fljótr> swift, fleeing --

<flokkr> body of men; short lay --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<flóð> flood -- [Pokorny pleu- :: to flee, fly, run; flow, swim] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<flúga> fly --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<fnǫsun> snorting, blowing out --

The Waking of Angantýr

<fold> earth, world -- [Pokorny pelə-, plā- :: plane, flat, wide, broad] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<forða (að)> save -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

from the Egils saga

<forðum> formerly, some time ago --

<formælandi> supporter, advocate, speaker on one's behalf --

from the Hávamál

<forn> old, ancient -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

from the Vǫluspá

<fólcvíg> troop-slaying, battle (between armies), war --

<fólk> troop, host of warriors; men -- [Pokorny 1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour, fill; full, plenary; town?] --

from the Vǫluspá

<fóstri> foster-father; foster-brother; foster-son; fosterling --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<fótr> foot; leg -- [Pokorny 2. pē̆d-, pō̆d- :: foot] --

<fǫðurbróðir> father's brother, uncle --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<fǫlna (að)> grow pale; fade --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<fǫr> journey, expedition -- [Pokorny 2b. per-, perə- :: to fare, ferry, transport, go/carry over] --

<fram> forward, on; away; out -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

<framan> from the front side; forward -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

<frami> advancement, benefit, profit; luck; courage, ability; growth, success, fame --

from the Hávamál

<framr> facing forwards, standing in front; outstanding, excellent; (superl.) farthest back in time, earliest -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

from the Vǫluspá

<frá> from; concerning -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

<fráliga> swiftly --

The Waking of Angantýr

<Frár> Frar --

from the Vǫluspá

<frásagnarverðr> worth relating --

from the Egils saga

<fregn> news, information --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<fregna> learn, hear of; ask -- [Pokorny 4. perk̑-, prek̑-, pr̥k̑- :: to request, ask/pray for] --

from the Egils saga

<freista (st)> try, make trial of; put to the test --

from the Hávamál

<frest> respite -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

from the Egils saga

<friðr> peace -- [Pokorny prāi-, prəi-, prī-, pri- :: to like, feel friendly/well-disposed] --

<fríðr> handsome -- [Pokorny prāi-, prəi-, prī-, pri- :: to like, feel friendly/well-disposed] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<frjósa> freeze -- [Pokorny preus- :: to burn, freeze] --

from the Grettis saga

<Frosti> Frosti, Frosty --

from the Vǫluspá

<fróðr> wise, well-informed -- [Pokorny pret-, prō̆t- :: to understand] --

<Frægr> Fraeg --

from the Vǫluspá

<frændi> relative, kinsman --

The Waking of Angantýr

<frœði> lore; history --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<fugl> bird -- [Pokorny pleuk- :: floc, hair, feather] --

<fullr> full; in full swing -- [Pokorny 1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour, fill; full, plenary; town?] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<Fundinn> Fundin, Foundling --

from the Vǫluspá

<fundr> meeting; battle --

from the Egils saga

<furðuliga> terribly --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<fúinn> rotten, decayed -- [Pokorny 2. pū̆- : peu̯ə- :: to rot, stink] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<fylgja (gð)> belong to, attend to, accompany, serve, appertain to --

<fylking> battle array, host --

<fylkir> king --

from the Egils saga

<fylla (d)> fill; complete; increase --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<fyrðar> (pl.) men, people --

from the Hávamál

<fyrir> before, in front of; against; because of, for -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

<fyrr> before; first; until -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<fyrst> first --

<fyrstr> first, foremost, earliest -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond] --

<fyrtelia (-talða)> recount, recite --

from the Vǫluspá

<fýsa (t)> urge, encourage; (impers.) desire --

The Waking of Angantýr

<fæla (d)> frighten; (refl.) be frightened --

<færa> less --

from the Hávamál

<fœða (dd)> feed; nurse; rear, bring up --

<fœra (ð)> bring, send; hurl, smite; move; present --

<gamall> old -- [Pokorny 2. g̑hei- : g̑hi- :: snow; winter] --

<gaman> pleasure, entertainment --

from the Hávamál

<Gandálfr> Gandalf, Staff-elf --

from the Vǫluspá

<gandr> magic staff or spirit -- [Pokorny 2. g^u̯hen(-ə)- :: to hit, strike, fend] --

from the Vǫluspá

<ganga> go, walk; advance; take place; extend; go on, last; turn out -- [Pokorny g̑hengh- :: to step, stride, march] --

<gap> gap, gaping, chasm -- [Pokorny 2. g̑hē- : ghə-, and g̑hēi- : g̑hī- :: to gape, yawn] --

from the Vǫluspá

<garðr> fence; enclosure, court, farmyard; dwelling-place -- [Pokorny g̑herdh-, and gherdh- :: to gird, enclose, encompass] --

from the Hávamál

<gaumr> heed, attention -- [Pokorny ghou̯(ē)- :: to gawk, be aware of, pay attention to] --

<gátt> door-opening -- [Pokorny g̑hengh- :: to step, stride, march] --

from the Hávamál

<geð> disposition; mind; wits; sense; inclination -- [Pokorny g^u̯hedh- :: to ask, beg, wish for] --

<gefa> give; give in marriage; (impers.) be obtainable -- [Pokorny ghabh- :: to take, grab, seize] --

<gefandi> giver, host --

from the Hávamál

<gegna (d)> (dat.) be suitable for; mean, bode --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<geigr> serious injury -- [Pokorny 2. g̑hē- : ghə-, and g̑hēi- : g̑hī- :: to gape, yawn] --

from the Njáls saga

<geirr> spear; point of anvil -- [Pokorny g̑haiso-, or g̑həiso- : g̑hēiso- :: dart; staff, stick] --

<Gellisson> son of Gellir --

<gera (ð)> do, perform; act; make, build; finish --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<gestr> guest -- [Pokorny ghosti-s :: guest, stranger] --

<geta> get, obtain; engender; (with ppart.) be able to, get done; (with infin.) happen to (do); be obtainable; guess, suppose; relate, tell of -- [Pokorny ghend-, and ghed- :: to get, grasp, seize] --

<gildi> recompense, return; payment due, tribute, offerings or compensation -- [Pokorny ghel-tō, Germanic and ghel-dhō Slavic :: to cost, pay, be worth] --

from the Vǫluspá

<Ginnarr> Ginnar, Betrayer --

from the Vǫluspá

<ginnheilagr> most holy, sacred --

<ginnregin> (pl.) mighty powers --

from the Hávamál

<ginnung> mighty space, abyss, void --

from the Vǫluspá

<gipt> gift --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<girnd> desire --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<gisting> night-lodging --

<Gizurr> Gizur --

<gjald> payment; tax -- [Pokorny ghel-tō, Germanic and ghel-dhō Slavic :: to cost, pay, be worth] --

<gjalda> repay, requite; pay compensation; give something as recompense for something; atone or pay for -- [Pokorny ghel-tō, Germanic and ghel-dhō Slavic :: to cost, pay, be worth] --

from the Vǫluspá

<gjalda> pay, repay; redeem -- [Pokorny ghel-tō, Germanic and ghel-dhō Slavic :: to cost, pay, be worth] --

<gjarna, gjarnan> willingly --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<gjálfrmarr> steed of the sea, ship --

The Waking of Angantýr

<gjǫf> gift --

from the Hávamál

<Glámr> Glam -- [Pokorny 1. g̑hel-, and ghel-?, also as i-, u-, or n-stem; g̑helə-, g̑hlē-, g̑hlō-, g̑hlə- :: to shine, glare, glow; gold, yellow, bright color] --

<gleypa (t)> swallow --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<glíkligr> likely --

from the Egils saga

<Glói> Gloi, Glow --

from the Vǫluspá

<gluggr> window --

<gnógr> enough; plenty (of) -- [Pokorny enek̑-, nek̑-, enk̑-, n̥k̑- :: to reach, obtain] --

from the Njáls saga

<gnýr> clash, din -- [Pokorny ghen- :: to grind, crack open, gnaw to pieces] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<gnæfa (að)> to rise high, tower --

from the Grettis saga

<goði> chief (and priest) -- [Pokorny g̑hau-, g̑hau̯ə- :: to call] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<Goðvinasun> Gothvinasun --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<Gotar> Goths --

The Waking of Angantýr

<góðr> good -- [Pokorny ghedh-, ghodh- :: to join, unite, gather, make a bond] --

<gólf> floor --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<gǫrr (van)> made, built; done; ready; sent; done for, finished off -- [Pokorny g^u̯her- :: warm, hot] --

<grafa> dig; engrave, inlay -- [Pokorny 2. ghrebh- :: to dig, grub, grave, scratch] --

<gramr> king -- [Pokorny 2. ghrem- :: to grumble; resound, thunder] --

<gras> grass, pasture; vegetation -- [Pokorny ghrē- : ghrō- : ghrə- :: to grow, become green] --

<gráta> weep -- [Pokorny 1. gher- :: (onomatopoeic: to snarl, rattle, etc.)] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<greiðliga> quickly, promptly --

The Waking of Angantýr

<grein> branch, division; particular, detail --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<Grettir> Grettir --

<grið> (pl.) peace, protection -- [Pokorny 1. g̑her- :: to desire, yearn for] --

<gríma> mask; shadow of night -- [Pokorny ghrēi- : ghrəi- : ghrī-, and lit. ghrei- :: to smear over] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<gróa> grow -- [Pokorny ghrē- : ghrō- : ghrə- :: to grow, become green] --

<grund> ground, bottom; broad surface; surface of the earth, earth -- [Pokorny ghren- :: to grind, rub, stroke hard] --

from the Vǫluspá

<grunr> suspicion -- [Pokorny g^u̯hren- :: diaphragm; mind, soul] --

from the Hávamál

<grœnn> green --

<guð> god -- [Pokorny g̑hau-, g̑hau̯ə- :: to call] --

<guðr> battle -- [Pokorny 2. g^u̯hen(-ə)- :: to hit, strike, fend] --

from the Egils saga

<gull> gold -- [Pokorny 1. g̑hel-, and ghel-?, also as i-, u-, or n-stem; g̑helə-, g̑hlē-, g̑hlō-, g̑hlə- :: to shine, glare, glow; gold, yellow, bright color] --

from the Vǫluspá

<gullhringr> gold ring -- [Pokorny 1. g̑hel-, and ghel-?, also as i-, u-, or n-stem; g̑helə-, g̑hlē-, g̑hlō-, g̑hlə- :: to shine, glare, glow; gold, yellow, bright color] --

from the Njáls saga

<Gullveig> Gullveig --

from the Vǫluspá

<gumi> man, human -- [Pokorny g̑hðem-, g̑hðom-, genitive-ablative g̑h(ð)m-és :: earth, ground, soil, humus] --

<Gunnarr> Gunnar --

<Gunnhildr> Gunnhild --

<Gunnlǫð> Gunnlath --

from the Hávamál

<gægjask (ð)> bend forward to see, gaze, glare --

from the Grettis saga

<gæta (tt)> attend to, tend, guard, watch over; keep watch --

<gætinn> wary, careful --

from the Hávamál

<gøra> make, build; write, compose --

<gørr> more fully --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<hafa (ð)> have, keep; hold; accept -- [Pokorny kap- :: to cop, grab, grasp; have?] --

<halda> hold; hold fast, grip; keep; steer; protect; last, hold good, remain -- [Pokorny 5. kel- :: to drive, compel, accelerate, move quickly] --

<haldorðr> true of word --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<Hallgerðr> Hallgertha, Gunnar's wife --

from the Njáls saga

<haltr> lame -- [Pokorny 3. kel-, kelə-, klā-, extended klād- :: to hit, hew, cut down] --

from the Hávamál

<hamingja> luck --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<handarvanr> bereft of a hand, lacking a hand, one-armed --

from the Hávamál

<handleggr> arm; (pl.) upper arm and forearm -- [Pokorny 2. lek- : l_ek-, and lēk- : lək- :: joint, leg, body member; to bend, wind] --

<hann> this one -- [Pokorny k̑o-, k̑e-, with the particle k̑e, k̑(e)i-, k̑(i)i̯o- :: this; here] --

<Haraldr> Harald --

<harðr> hard, severe, sharp -- [Pokorny 3. kar-, reduplicated karkar- :: hard] --

<harðsnúinn> wll-knitt, staunch --

The Waking of Angantýr

<harmr> sorrow, grief -- [Pokorny k̑ormo- :: harm, pain, torment, suffering] --

from the Egils saga

<hart> hard; sharply --

<hata (að)> damage, destroy -- [Pokorny k̑ād- : k̑ədes- : k̑əd-s- :: hate, displeasure, uneasiness] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<Hattargriði> Hott's guardian --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<haugaeldr> fire from graves --

The Waking of Angantýr

<haugbúi> ghost, undead man --

The Waking of Angantýr

<haugr> mound; grave mound -- [Pokorny 2. keu-, keu̯ə- :: to bend] --

<Haugspori> Haugspori, Mound-river --

from the Vǫluspá

<hauss> skull -- [Pokorny 2. (s)keu-, (s)keu̯ə : (s)kū- :: to hide, wrap, cover] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<haust> autumn --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<Hálfdanarson> son of Halfdan --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<hálfr> half -- [Pokorny 1. (s)kel- :: to cut, halve] --

<Hánarr> Hanar --

from the Vǫluspá

<hár> tall, high; loud --

<Hár> Har, Greyhair -- [Pokorny 1. k̑er(s)- :: bristle, stiff hair] --

from the Vǫluspá

<hár> hair --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<hárfagri> fair-haired --

<hárr> hoary, grey-haired, grey-bearded; (a name of Odin) --

from the Vǫluspá

<háski> danger, harm -- [Pokorny k̑enk-, k̑onk- :: to hang, sway, dangle] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<háttr> kind, type; (pl.) activity, habits, behavior -- [Pokorny 2. k̑ak-, k̑ek-? :: to help, enable] --

<heðan> from here, hence --

<heðinn> fur cloak, coat -- [Pokorny kadh- :: to guard, cover, protect] --

from the Hávamál

<heðra> here, hither --

The Waking of Angantýr

<hefja> lift, raise -- [Pokorny kap- :: to cop, grab, grasp; have?] --

from the Egils saga

<hefna (d)> avenge -- [Pokorny 1. kem- :: to squeeze, hem in, press together] --

from the Egils saga

<hegri> heron -- [Pokorny 1. ker-, kor-, kr- :: (onomatopoeic: hoarse sound)] --

from the Hávamál

<heiðinn> heathen -- [Pokorny kaito- :: chet, woods, forest] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<heiðr> bright, clear; Bright -- [Pokorny (s)kāi- :: bright, shining] --

from the Vǫluspá

<Heiðrekr> Heithrek --

The Waking of Angantýr

<heilagr> holy, sacred --

<heill> good luck; good omen -- [Pokorny kai-lo-, kai-lu- :: bright; hale, whole, healthy] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<heill> sound, safe; in health -- [Pokorny kai-lo-, kai-lu- :: bright; hale, whole, healthy] --

<heim> home; to(wards) the house -- [Pokorny 2. pē̆d-, pō̆d- :: foot] --

<heima> home; (as adv.) at home --

<Heimdallr> Heimdall, World-radiance -- [Pokorny 2. dhel- :: to light; shining] --

from the Vǫluspá

<heimisgarðar> (pl.) courtyards of a house, homestead(s), premises --

from the Hávamál

<heimr> region; world -- [Pokorny 1. k̑ei- :: to lie, recline; camp, home] --

<heimskr> foolish --

<heimta (mt)> claim --

from the Hávamál

<heita> to call, name; promise; be called, be named -- [Pokorny kēi- :: to move, set in motion] --

<heldr> rather, any the more --

<helgrind> gate of hell --

The Waking of Angantýr

<helzt> most willingly; most of all; exceedingly --

The Waking of Angantýr

<Hepti> Hepti, Haft --

from the Vǫluspá

<herðar> (pl.) shoulders --

<herr> harrier, destroyer -- [Pokorny koro-s, kori̯o-s :: war, army, warrior] --

from the Hávamál

<herra> lord --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<Hervarðr> Hervarth --

The Waking of Angantýr

<Hervǫr> Hervor --

<hestr> stallion, horse -- [Pokorny 1. k̑āk- : k̑ək-, probably k̑ā[i]k- : k̑īk- :: to jump, spring out] --

<heyra (ð)> hear, hear of -- [Pokorny 1. keu-, skeu-, lengthened grade kēu- :: to see, hear, observe, hearken, attend to] --

<hér> here --

<Hildr> Hildr, a valkyrie -- [Pokorny 3. kel-, kelə-, klā-, extended klād- :: to hit, hew, cut down] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<hilmir> chief, king --

<himinioðurr> rim of heaven, horizon or precinct of heaven, sky --

from the Vǫluspá

<himinn> heaven, sky -- [Pokorny 3. k̑em- :: to wrap, cover, conceal] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<hingat> hither --

<hinn> this one; that; the --

<hirða (ð)> keep; mind, care --

<hirðir> herdsman --

<hirðmaðr> retainer --

<hitta (tt)> hit upon; find, meet -- [Pokorny keid- :: to fall] --

<hjaldr (rs)> battle -- [Pokorny 6. kel-, k(_e)lē-, k(_e)lā-, or kl̥̄-? :: to call, cry] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<hjalmstallr> the support of the helmet, i.e. the head --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<hjarta> heart --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<hjá> beside, at the side of; compared with; close by --

<Hjálmarr> Hjalmar --

<hjálmr> helmet -- [Pokorny 4. k̑el- :: to hide, conceal] --

<hjálpa> help -- [Pokorny k̑elb-, k̑elp- :: to help] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<hjǫrð> herd, flock -- [Pokorny k̑erdho-, k̑erdhā :: line, row, herd] --

<hjǫrr> sword -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe] --

<Hjǫrvarðr> Hjorvarth --

<hlaða> load; pile -- [Pokorny klā- :: to lade, place, heap up, lay down] --

from the Egils saga

<hlaupa> leap, spring, climb; mount; run -- [Pokorny 1. ku̯elp-, ku̯elb- : ku̯l̥p/b- : klup/b- :: to stumble, buckle at the knees; to trot] --

<Hleiðargarðr> Hleithargarth, Lejre --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<Hlévangr> Hlevang, Lee-plain --

from the Vǫluspá

<hlíf> cover, shelter; shield --

<hlífa (ð)> shelter, protect --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<hljóð> silence, hearing -- [Pokorny 1. k̑leu-, k̑leu̯ə- : k̑lū- :: to hear, listen] --

<hljóðr> silent, quiet -- [Pokorny 1. k̑leu-, k̑leu̯ə- : k̑lū- :: to hear, listen] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<hlǫkk> clash; battle --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<hlǫm> crashing sound --

from the Egils saga

<hlutr> part, piece, thing -- [Pokorny klēu-, also klĕu-?, and klāu- :: hook, crook] --

<hlýða (dd)> listen to, hear --

<hlýðni> obedience --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<hlæja> laugh -- [Pokorny klēg-, klōg-, kləg-, klang-, kleg-, klōg-, kleig-, kleik- :: to cry, shout, scream] --

<hníga> sink; (ppart.) open -- [Pokorny knei-g^u̯h-, knei-b- :: to bow, kneel] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<hnoss> costly thing, ornament -- [Pokorny 2. ken-, kenə-, keni-, kenu- :: to rub, scrape, scratch off; ashes] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<hnykkja (ð, t)> pull violently -- [Pokorny 1. ken- :: to pinch, press, etc.] --

<hof> farm, farmstead; temple -- [Pokorny 2. keu-, keu̯ə- :: to bend] --

from the Vǫluspá

<hollr> loyal -- [Pokorny 2. k̑el- :: to bow, lean, incline] --

from the Egils saga

<holr> hollow -- [Pokorny kau-l-, ku-l- :: hole, hollow; bone] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<horn> horn; drinking horn; corner -- [Pokorny 1. k̑er-, k̑erə- : k̑rā-, k̑erei-, k̑ereu- :: horn, head, upper part of body] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<Hornbori> Hornbori --

from the Vǫluspá

<horscr> wise, sensible -- [Pokorny 2. kerd- :: craft, talent; skilled] --

from the Hávamál

<hǫfðinghlegr> princely --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<hǫfðingi> chief, ruler --

<hǫfuð> head; person -- [Pokorny kap-ut :: head] --

<hǫfuð> head -- [Pokorny kap-ut :: head] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<hǫgg> stroke, blow --

<hǫll> hall -- [Pokorny 4. k̑el- :: to hide, conceal] --

<hǫnd> hand, arm and hand; side, part --

<hǫrfa (að)> recoil, give way --

from the Grettis saga

<hǫrgr> outdoor sanctuary, (stone) altar, temple -- [Pokorny 3. kar-, reduplicated karkar- :: hard] --

from the Vǫluspá

<Hǫttr> Hott -- [Pokorny kadh- :: to guard, cover, protect] --

<hraðliga> quickly --

The Waking of Angantýr

<Hrani> Hrani --

The Waking of Angantýr

<hrapa (að)> rush -- [Pokorny 2. (s)ker-, skerə- : skrē- :: to jump] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<hrata (að)> tumble, fall -- [Pokorny 2. (s)ker-, skerə- : skrē- :: to jump] --

from the Njáls saga

<hríð> while, time; storm, attack -- [Pokorny 3. (s)ker- :: to bend, curve, turn] --

<hross> horse -- [Pokorny 2. k̑ers- :: to run, course] --

from the Hávamál

<hróðr (rs)> praise; encomium -- [Pokorny 2. kar-, karə- :: to glorify, praise aloud] --

<Hrólfr> Hrolf --

<hrúga> heap -- [Pokorny 3. (s)ker- :: to bend, curve, turn] --

from the Grettis saga

<hryggr> back --

from the Grettis saga

<hræddr> afraid, frightened -- [Pokorny 1. kret- :: to shake] --

<hræða (dd)> frighten; (refl.) be afraid of, be frightened --

<hrøkkva> fall back -- [Pokorny 3. (s)ker- :: to bend, curve, turn] --

<hrœra (ð)> move, stir --

from the Grettis saga

<hrœsinn> boastful --

from the Hávamál

<hugleikinn> entranced, in a trance; intense(ly) --

from the Vǫluspá

<hugr> mind; thought; heart, spirit --

<hugsa (að)> consider, think over; determine --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<hulða> cover, sheath --

The Waking of Angantýr

<hurð> door -- [Pokorny kert-, kerət-, krāt- :: to roll, turn, wind] --

from the Grettis saga

<hús> house; room of house; (pl.) farm -- [Pokorny 2. (s)keu-, (s)keu̯ə : (s)kū- :: to hide, wrap, cover] --

<hvar> where; everywhere -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<hvarfa (að)> walk, go --

The Waking of Angantýr

<hvass> sharp; prickly -- [Pokorny k^u̯ē̆d-, k^u̯ō̆d- :: to bore, drill, prick, stab] --

<hvatki_er> whatsoever --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<hvatvetna> anything whatever; everything --

<hvárt> whether; (introduces direct question); however --

<hverfa> turn -- [Pokorny ku̯erp-, also ku̯erb- :: to turn, wind] --

from the Njáls saga

<hvergi> nowhere; not at all --

<hverr> who, which, what; each, every -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<hversu> how, however --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<hvé> how --

<hví> why? -- [Pokorny k^u̯o-, k^u̯e-, fem. k^u̯ā, k^u̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)] --

<hvílð> rest, pause -- [Pokorny k^u̯ei̯ə-, k^u̯ii̯ē- :: to rest comfortably; quiet, peaceful, tranquil] --

from the Njáls saga

<hvítaaurr> white mud (?) --

from the Vǫluspá

<hvítr> white, shining -- [Pokorny 3. k̑uei-, extended kuei-d-, kuei-s-, kuei-t- :: to shine; white] --

from the Njáls saga

<hyggiandi> thought, intellect, mind --

from the Hávamál

<hyggja (hugði, hugaðr)> think, believe --

<hyrr> fire --

The Waking of Angantýr

<hæll> heel -- [Pokorny 1. k̑el- :: cold; warm, caloric] --

from the Grettis saga

<hættr> dangerous --

The Waking of Angantýr

<hœfa (ð)> befall --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<hœgr> comfortable; suitable, expedient; docile, affable; skilful, agile -- [Pokorny 2. k̑ak-, k̑ek-? :: to help, enable] --

from the Vǫluspá

<Hœnir> Hoenir --

from the Vǫluspá

<Iari> Iari --

from the Vǫluspá

<Iðavǫllr> Ithavale --

from the Vǫluspá

<illa> ill, badly --

<illr> bad, evil; ugly, unpleasing; difficult -- [Pokorny 7. el-, elə-, with k-suffix elk-, elək- :: hungry; bad?] --

<Ingólfr> Ingolf --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<Ingólfsfell> Ingolf's Fell --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<Ingólfshǫfði> Ingolf's Head --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<inn> in, within -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in] --

<inn> the -- [Pokorny eno-, possibly e-no- : ono- : no- : -ne- :: that] --

<innan> from within; into; within -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<inni> within, within the house -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in] --

<iǫrovǫllr> stony or gravelly field; Stonyvales --

from the Vǫluspá

<iǫtunheimr> realm of the giants --

from the Vǫluspá

<iǫtunn> giant --

from the Vǫluspá

<í> in, within; among; during; into, onto -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in] --

<íhugi> resentment --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<Írskr> Irish --

<ísabrot> the breaking of the ice --

from the Egils saga

<Ísland> Iceland --

<Ísleifr> Isleif --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<Íslendingabók> Book of Icelanders --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<íss> ice, icicle -- [Pokorny 2. ei-s-, ei-n- :: ice, frost] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<Ívarr> Ivar --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<íviðia> 'she who dwells in the wood', witch, giantess --

from the Vǫluspá

<jafnan> ever, always --

<jafnberr> equally exposed --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<jafnlangr> of equal length --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<jafnsnimma> at the same time --

from the Egils saga

<jafnspakir> equally wise --

from the Hávamál

<jarðfastr> fixed in the earth --

from the Grettis saga

<jarðligr> earthly; worldly --

<jarl> earl; free-born man, gentleman -- [Pokorny 1. er-, or- :: erne, eagle] --

<jól> Yule, midwinter heathen feast, later applied to Christmas --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<jóla-aptann> Christmas Eve --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<jǫrð> earth, world; ground, soil -- [Pokorny 4. er-, er-t-, er-u̯- :: earth] --

<jǫtunn> giant -- [Pokorny ed- :: to eat] --

from the Vǫluspá

<kala> be cold, become cold, freeze -- [Pokorny 3. gel(ə)- :: cool, cold; to keel, freeze] --

from the Hávamál

<kalla> call, cry out; name; say, declare -- [Pokorny 2. gal- :: to call, cry] --

<kapp> contest, competition; spirit, ardour, courage --

from the Egils saga

<kappi> champion, hero --

<kasta (að)> cast, throw --

<kastali> castle --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<kaupa> buy; make a bargain --

from the Egils saga

<kenna (d)> know; perceive; taste; feel; recognize; name, tell; teach --

<Ketill> Ketil --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<ki> not --

<kikna (að)> give way at the knees -- [Pokorny gei- :: to bend, turn] --

<kind> kind, child; baby; offspring, progeny, family, kin -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate] --

<kiósa> choose, select; pick out something for someone, determine; acquire something for someone --

from the Vǫluspá

<kippa (ð, t)> pull, jerk; snatch, pick up; rend --

<Kíli> Kili --

from the Vǫluspá

<kná (knátta)> can, be in a position to; may --

from the Vǫluspá

<kneppa (t)> fasten, button; pull --

from the Grettis saga

<kné> knee -- [Pokorny 1. g̑enu-, g̑neu- :: knee, joint] --

from the Hávamál

<knúta> knuckle-bone -- [Pokorny gen- :: to pinch, press together, etc.] --

<koma> come, arrive; reach; obtain; occur -- [Pokorny g^u̯ā-, g^u̯em- :: to come, go] --

<kona> woman; wife -- [Pokorny g^u̯ē̆nā :: wife, queen, woman] --

<Konunga-ævi> Life (Story) of the Kings, Kings' Lives --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<konungr> king --

<kostr> choice, alternative; offer; chance, opportunity; money available; match, marriage; condition, quality; terms -- [Pokorny g̑eus- :: to taste, degust, enjoy] --

<Kristinn> Christian --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<Kristr> Christ --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<krjúpa> creep, crouch -- [Pokorny 3. ger- :: to turn, wind, curl] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<kunna> know, know how to; be able --

<kunningi> acquiantance --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<kunnr> known --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<kurteisliga> courteously, with dignity --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<kveða> say, declare; utter, say in verse; recite; utter a cry -- [Pokorny 2. g^u̯et- :: to speak, talk] --

<kveðja> greeting, salute -- [Pokorny 2. g^u̯et- :: to speak, talk] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<kvelda (að)> (impers.) evening draws in --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<kvikr> alive, living -- [Pokorny 3. g^u̯ei̯-, and g^u̯ei̯ə- :: to live, survive] --

from the Hávamál

<kvikvendi> living being, creature; animals --

<kvǫð> duty --

from the Egils saga

<kvæði> poem --

from the Egils saga

<kykr> alive, animate -- [Pokorny 3. g^u̯ei̯-, and g^u̯ei̯ə- :: to live, survive] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<kynslóð> progeny, family line --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<kyrr> quiet -- [Pokorny 2. g^u̯er-, g^u̯erə-, g^u̯erəu-, g^u̯erī- :: grave, heavy] --

<kyrtil> kirtle, tunic --

<kýr> cow -- [Pokorny g^u̯ou- :: cow, ox, gaur] --

from the Hávamál

<kæsia> a kind of halberd, long spear --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<lag> lay, order, disposition; (pl.) preordained fate -- [Pokorny legh- :: to lie, recline, set down] --

from the Vǫluspá

<land> land -- [Pokorny 3. lendh- :: heath, steppe, open land] --

<landauðn> depopulation -- [Pokorny 3. lendh- :: heath, steppe, open land] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<landaurar> land-dues; a tax paid by Icelanders to the king upon arrival in Norway -- [Pokorny 3. lendh- :: heath, steppe, open land] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<langniðiar> (pl.) long line of forefathers or long line of descendants --

from the Vǫluspá

<langt> a long way --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<laukr> leek; (general) plant -- [Pokorny 1. leug- :: to bend] --

from the Vǫluspá

<lauss> loose, free -- [Pokorny 2. leu- :: to free, cut off, separate] --

from the Njáls saga

<lá> blood, ruddiness, vital warmth --

<láta> put, place; let, allow; concede, yield; leave, leave off; lose; cause to be done, command; behave (as if); declare; sound -- [Pokorny 3. lē(i)- :: to weaken, leave behind; feeble] --

<leggja> lay, place, put; put down, lay down; move, bring; thrust, throw; make; give -- [Pokorny legh- :: to lie, recline, set down] --

<leggr> hollow bone (of arms and legs); leg -- [Pokorny 2. lek- : l_ek-, and lēk- : lək- :: joint, leg, body member; to bend, wind] --

<leið> way, journey; road, path; manner, fashion -- [Pokorny 2. leit(h)- :: to die, go away] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<leiða (dd)> lead -- [Pokorny 2. leit(h)- :: to die, go away] --

<leifa (ð)> leave after death -- [Pokorny 1. leip- :: to smear (with fat), stick] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<leita (að)> seek, search for; find; try to go, go; attack -- [Pokorny 1. u̯el- :: to see] --

<lengð> length --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<lengi> long; far; for a long time --

<lesa> express, concoct -- [Pokorny les- :: to lease, collect, pick up] --

from the Hávamál

<letja (latti)> hinder, dissuade --

The Waking of Angantýr

<leyna (d)> conceal --

<lið> people; band, host; troops; herd; help, aid -- [Pokorny 4. lē̆i- :: to pour] --

<liðr> joint -- [Pokorny 8. el-, elē̆i-, lē̆i-, olī̆nā :: to bend; elbow] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<lifa (ð)> live -- [Pokorny 1. leip- :: to smear (with fat), stick] --

<liggja> be situated; lie (down); be slain --

<liónar> (pl.) people --

from the Vǫluspá

<litask (að)> look about --

The Waking of Angantýr

<Litr> Lit, Wise -- [Pokorny 1. u̯el- :: to see] --

from the Vǫluspá

<litr> looks, appearance; color(ing) -- [Pokorny 1. u̯el- :: to see] --

<líða> move, go; pass, progress -- [Pokorny 8. el-, elē̆i-, lē̆i-, olī̆nā :: to bend; elbow] --

<líf> life -- [Pokorny 1. leip- :: to smear (with fat), stick] --

<líka (að)> please, be pleasing --

<líknstafr> favorable statement, esteem, warm regard --

from the Hávamál

<líkr, glíkr> like, similar to -- [Pokorny 2. lē̆ig-, līg- :: form, appearance; like, similar] --

<líta> look; see; regard -- [Pokorny 1. u̯el- :: to see] --

<lítill> little, short -- [Pokorny 2. lei- :: to dissipate, disappear; thin, weak] --

<lítt> little -- [Pokorny 2. lei- :: to dissipate, disappear; thin, weak] --

<ljós> light, lantern -- [Pokorny leuk- :: to light, shine; see] --

from the Grettis saga

<ljósta> strike -- [Pokorny 2. leu- :: to free, cut off, separate] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<loðbrók> shaggy-breeches --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<lof> praise -- [Pokorny leubh- :: to love, like, care for] --

<lofa (að)> praise; allow, permit -- [Pokorny leubh- :: to love, like, care for] --

from the Egils saga

<Lofarr> Lofar --

<lofðungr> prince, king --

The Waking of Angantýr

<logi> flame -- [Pokorny leuk- :: to light, shine; see] --

<lopt> air, sky; upper room -- [Pokorny leup-, and leub-, leubh- :: to lift, peel, cut/break off, etc.] --

<Lóðurr> Lothur --

from the Vǫluspá

<lófi> palm of the hand -- [Pokorny lēp-, lōp-, ləp- :: flat] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<Lóni> Loni, Sea-pool --

from the Vǫluspá

<lǫð> invitation; hospitality -- [Pokorny 1. lē[i]- : ləi- :: to want, wish] --

from the Egils saga

<lúka> finish, end; use up -- [Pokorny 1. leug- :: to bend] --

from the Grettis saga

<lýðr> people; (pl.) men --

The Waking of Angantýr

<læ> harm, destruction, misfortune -- [Pokorny 2. lei- :: to dissipate, disappear; thin, weak] --

from the Vǫluspá

<lægja (ð)> lower; (impers.) sink --

The Waking of Angantýr

<læti> (pl.) gestures, manner, bearing; voice --

from the Vǫluspá

<maðr> man, person; husband; henchman -- [Pokorny manu-s, or monu-s :: man, human being] --

<magi> stomach -- [Pokorny mak- :: skin, leather bag] --

from the Hávamál

<malmhríð> storm of metal, battle --

from the Egils saga

<manlíkan> human likeness or form, being in human shape --

from the Vǫluspá

<mannfolk> mankind; people --

<manngi> no one, nobody --

from the Hávamál

<mannvit> human intelligence, common sense --

<margr> many (a) -- [Pokorny men(e)gh-, mon(e)gh-, mn̥gh- :: many, copious, abundant, excessive] --

<margspakr> very wise --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<marr> sea -- [Pokorny mori, mōri :: mere, sea] --

from the Egils saga

<matnaðr> pride --

from the Hávamál

<matr> food; meal -- [Pokorny mad- :: to drip; wet; fat, glossy, well-fed] --

<maurr> ant -- [Pokorny moru̯ī̆- :: maur, mire, ant] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<mál> speech, tale; information; period of time -- [Pokorny mōd- : məd-, or mād- : məd- :: to meet, approach] --

<málmr> metal -- [Pokorny 1. mel-, also smel-, melə- : mlē-, mel-d- : ml-ed-, mel-dh-, ml-ēi- : mlī̆-, melə-k- : mlā-k-, mlēu- : mlū̆- :: to mill, grind; fine, ground] --

<máni> moon -- [Pokorny mēnōt, genitive mēneses, from which mēnes-, mēns-, mēs-, mēn- :: month; moon] --

<Már> Mar, Corpse -- [Pokorny 1. mū̆- :: (onomatopoeic: to moo, hum, etc.)] --

from the Vǫluspá

<máttugr> mighty --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<með> with; by means of; among; along -- [Pokorny 2. me- :: by, with, amidst, around] --

<meðalsnotr> moderately wise, clever --

from the Hávamál

<meðan> in the meantime --

The Waking of Angantýr

<meðan> while, as long as, whilst --

<með_því_at> inasmuch as, because --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<mega> be able to, can; may -- [Pokorny magh- : māgh- :: to help, be able; might, power] --

<megin> main, strength; supernatural strength -- [Pokorny magh- : māgh- :: to help, be able; might, power] --

from the Vǫluspá

<mein> harm, hurt, injury, pain; disease, plague -- [Pokorny 2. mei- :: to change, mutate, exchange] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<meinsamr> harmful, violent --

The Waking of Angantýr

<meiri> more, bigger --

<men> necklace; jewel, treasure -- [Pokorny mono- :: neck; mane] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<mennskurð> weaver of necklace, lady --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<menskr> human --

The Waking of Angantýr

<mestr> most, greatest --

<metnaðr> glory --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<miðgarðr> Midgard, Middle-enclosure, the world of men --

from the Vǫluspá

<miðla (að)> share out, distribute --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<miðli, milli, millum> between, among --

<miðr> middle, the middle of -- [Pokorny medhi-, medhi̯o- :: middle] --

<mikill> great, large, big; severe --

<mikilúðligr> imposing, of distinguished appearance --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<mikla (að)> make great, 'embiggen'; (mid.) acquire fame --

from the Egils saga

<minn> my, mine, of me --

<minni> less -- [Pokorny 5. mei-, mi-neu- :: to lessen, diminish; small, minor] --

<Minþakseyrr> Minthak's Shoal --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<Miǫðvitnir> Mjothvitnir, Mead-wolf --

from the Vǫluspá

<miǫtviðr> 'measure-tree', well-proportioned tree; tree which measures extent or limits of the world, tree which metes out fate --

from the Vǫluspá

<missa (t)> be without; lose -- [Pokorny 2. mei-t(h)- :: to commute, (ex)change] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<missegja> relate incorrectly --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<mjǫðr> mead -- [Pokorny médhu :: mead, honey] --

from the Egils saga

<mjǫk> much; very -- [Pokorny meg̑(h)- : m_eg̑(h)- :: big, much, great, major, mega-] --

<mjǫtuðr> dispenser of fate -- [Pokorny 1. med- :: to mete, allot; medicate, give advice] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<mold> soil, earth (as substance) -- [Pokorny 1. mel-, also smel-, melə- : mlē-, mel-d- : ml-ed-, mel-dh-, ml-ēi- : mlī̆-, melə-k- : mlā-k-, mlēu- : mlū̆- :: to mill, grind; fine, ground] --

<morginn> morning -- [Pokorny 2. mer- :: to flicker, shimmer] --

<morna (að)> waste away -- [Pokorny 5. mer-, merə- :: to rub, wipe; pack, rob] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<mosi> moss -- [Pokorny 1. meu-, meu̯ə- : mū̆- :: wet, damp; to wash; dirt, mud, mire] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<móðir> mother -- [Pokorny mātér- :: mother] --

<móðr> tired --

from the Hávamál

<mót> meeting -- [Pokorny mōd- : məd-, or mād- : məd- :: to meet, approach] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<móti> against; towards; to meet --

<Mótsognir> Motsognir --

from the Vǫluspá

<mǫgr> boy, son; (pl.) kindred -- [Pokorny maghos :: maiden, young person] --

<Mǫrðr> Morth --

from the Njáls saga

<mǫrk> mark (of silver) -- [Pokorny mereg̑- :: march, edge, border, frontier] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<muna> remember -- [Pokorny 3. men- :: to think; mind, spiritual activity] --

<Munarvágr> Munarvag --

<munknǫrr> ship of the mind, mind --

from the Egils saga

<munstrǫnd> shore of the mind, breast, heart --

from the Egils saga

<muntún> mind-enclosure --

The Waking of Angantýr

<munu> will, be about to; will be; must; might -- [Pokorny 3. men- :: to think; mind, spiritual activity] --

<munuð> (physical) love --

from the Hávamál

<myrkr (van)> dark -- [Pokorny 2. mer- :: to flicker, shimmer] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<mækir> sword --

<mæla (t)> speak -- [Pokorny mōd- : məd-, or mād- : məd- :: to meet, approach] --

<mær> maiden -- [Pokorny maghos :: maiden, young person] --

<mæra (ð)> praise -- [Pokorny 4. mē-, mō- :: big, important] --

from the Egils saga

<mærð> praise; encomium --

from the Egils saga

<mærr> famous -- [Pokorny 4. mē-, mō- :: big, important] --

<mœta (tt)> meet; deal with; (mid.) join, meet --

<nafn> name -- [Pokorny en(o)mn̥-, (o)nomn̥, nōmn̥ :: name] --

<nakkvarr, nǫkkurr> a, a certain; any --

<nauðigr, nauðugr> unwilling, against one's will --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<nauð(r)> distress, harm; poverty -- [Pokorny 2. nāu- : nəu- : nū- :: death; corpse] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<ná (ð)> get, obtain -- [Pokorny enek̑-, nek̑-, enk̑-, n̥k̑- :: to reach, obtain] --

<Náli> Nali --

from the Vǫluspá

<nánd> proximity --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<nár> corpse -- [Pokorny 2. nāu- : nəu- : nū- :: death; corpse] --

from the Hávamál

<náttúra> nature, characteristic quality, property --

<neðan> from below or beneath, underneath -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in] --

from the Vǫluspá

<nefna (d)> name, call; mention --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<neita (tt)> refuse, deny --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<nema> unless; except -- [Pokorny 1. nem- :: to nim, take, give, count, apportion] --

<nema> take; take possession of; catch, strike against; amount to -- [Pokorny 1. nem- :: to nim, take, give, count, apportion] --

<né> not; nor -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)] --

<nið> waning moon -- [Pokorny 2. nei-, neiə-, nī- :: to be moved, excited; to shine] --

from the Vǫluspá

<Niði> Nithi, Waned-moon --

from the Vǫluspá

<niðr> down -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in] --

<niðr> kinsman; son, scion -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in] --

<niðri> down; below --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<nío> nine -- [Pokorny e-neu̯en, neu̯n̥, enu̯n̥ :: nine] --

<njóta> benefit, get benefit from -- [Pokorny neu-d- :: to grasp, make use of] --

from the Hávamál

<Norðmaðr> Norwegian --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<Norðmaðr> a Norwegian --

<Norðri> North --

from the Vǫluspá

<Norðymbraland> Northumbria --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<Norrœnn> Norwegian --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<Norvegr> the north way; Norway --

<Nói> Noah --

<Nóri> Nori -- [Pokorny 2. (s)ner- :: to turn, wind, etc.] --

from the Vǫluspá

<nótt> night -- [Pokorny nek^u̯-(t-), nok^u̯-t-s :: night] --

<nú> now -- [Pokorny nū̆- :: now] --

<Nýi> Nyi, New-moon --

from the Vǫluspá

<Nýráðr> Nyrath, New-counsel --

from the Vǫluspá

<nýsa (t)> peer, search, investigate -- [Pokorny neu-ks-, neu-s- :: to scent, smell, sniff] --

from the Hávamál

<nær> near, close to, close by --

from the Hávamál

<nær> near --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<nær> when --

from the Hávamál

<næsta> nearly --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<næstr> next --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<of> over; across, through; around, about; concerning; because of; for -- [Pokorny upo, up, eup, (e)up-s- :: under, (from) below, etc.] --

<of síðir> at last --

The Waking of Angantýr

<ofan> from above, down; southwards --

<ofarliga> high up --

from the Grettis saga

<ofdrykkja> excessive drinking, over-drinking --

from the Hávamál

<oflængi> too long --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<ofreflismaðr> one's superior power --

from the Egils saga

<ofrǫlvi> excessively drunk --

from the Hávamál

<ok> and, also; but, though -- [Pokorny 2. i̯eu-, i̯eu̯ə-, i̯eu-g- :: to yoke, join, tie together] --

<opinn> open; on one's back --

<opna (að)> (cut) open --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<opnask (að)> be open --

<opt> often, frequently; as often as possible, always --

<orð> word; speech, conversation --

from the Hávamál

<orka> strength, might --

from the Grettis saga

<orrosta> battle --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<óbrigðr> unfailing, reliable --

from the Hávamál

<ódæll> difficult, overbearing --

<Óðinn> Othin, Odin -- [Pokorny 2. u̯ā̆t- :: to bend, curve] --

<óðr> mental faculties, voice --

<óðr> wood, raving, frenzied, raging, mad with fear; enraged; (name of Freyja's husband or lover) Od --

from the Vǫluspá

<óframliga> timidly --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<ófriðr> hostility, war --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<ógurligr> terrible --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<óhræddr> unafraid, without fear --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<ójafnask (að)> become unequal, diverse --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<ókátr> depressed, gloomy --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<ókunnr> unknown, strange --

from the Hávamál

<Óláfr> Olaf --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<ólíkr> unlike, unlike to, different from --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<ólúgfróðr> well-informed in good traditions --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<óminni> non-memory, oblivion, forgetfulness --

from the Hávamál

<ór> out of, from; of; with the material of -- [Pokorny ū̆d- :: out, away, up(wards)] --

<órœkja (kt)> neglect, fail to heed --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<ósjaldan> not seldom, repeatedly --

from the Vǫluspá

<ósnotr> unwise, foolish --

<ósviðr> unwise, foolish --

<ótti> fear, dread -- [Pokorny agh- :: to ail, fear, be depressed] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<óvarliga> incautiously --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<óvinr> enemy --

from the Hávamál

<óvirðing> disgrace --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<óvíss> uncertain --

from the Hávamál

<ǫflugr> strong, powerful --

from the Vǫluspá

<ǫfugr> turned the wrong way, backwards -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from] --

<ǫl> ale -- [Pokorny alu-, alu-d-, alu-t- :: bitter; ale, beer] --

<ǫld> age; mankind, humanity, world; (pl.) men, human beings -- [Pokorny 2. al- :: to grow, nourish, enhance] --

<ǫlðr> ale; ale-party -- [Pokorny alu-, alu-d-, alu-t- :: bitter; ale, beer] --

<Ǫlfossá> Ale-Force (foaming waterfall) River --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<ǫlr> drunk (on ale) --

from the Hávamál

<ǫnd> breath -- [Pokorny 3. an(ə)- :: to breathe, respire, animate] --

<Ǫnundarsonr> Onundarson --

from the Njáls saga

<ǫr> arrow --

<ǫrk> ark --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<papi> Irish monk, Culdee --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<prestr> priest --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<Ragnarsson> son of Ragnar --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<rata (að)> travel about, rove --

from the Hávamál

<rauðr> red -- [Pokorny reudh- :: red] --

from the Njáls saga

<ráð> advice, counsel; expedient, means; plan; agreement -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit] --

<ráða> advise, counsel; discuss; plot; set, arrange; decide; govern; prevail; have to deal with; go, take one's way -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit] --

<Ráðsviðr> Rathsvith, Counsel-sharp --

from the Vǫluspá

<regin> (pl.) powers, rulers, gods -- [Pokorny 2. rē̆k- :: to reck, reckon, arrange, prepare] --

<reginkunnr> of divine origin --

from the Hávamál

<Reginn> Regin -- [Pokorny 2. rē̆k- :: to reck, reckon, arrange, prepare] --

from the Vǫluspá

<reið> chariot; riding -- [Pokorny reidh- :: to ride, go (in vehicle)] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<reiði> trappings, harness; rigging, tackle -- [Pokorny reidh- :: to ride, go (in vehicle)] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<reisa (t)> raise, set up -- [Pokorny 3. er- : or- : r- :: to move, set in motion] --

from the Hávamál

<reka> drive -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign] --

from the Hávamál

<rekkr> warrior, man -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<Reykjarvík> Bay of Smoke, Reykjavik --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<reykr> smoke -- [Pokorny reu-b-, and reu-g- :: to belch, eruct, retch, vomit] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<reyna (d)> try, prove -- [Pokorny 1. ereu- :: to ask, seek] --

<rétt> right, rightly --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<rétta (tt)> reach, stretch up or out; raise; put right --

<réttr> right, correct; just, fair; unswerving; direct -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign] --

<riddari> rider, horseman --

<rif> rib -- [Pokorny 2. rebh- :: to roof, thatch] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<ríða> ride; ride over -- [Pokorny reig-, or reig̑- :: to rig, tie, bind] --

<ríki> kingdom; power, authority --

<ríkr> great, powerful, magnificent -- [Pokorny reig-, or reig̑- :: to rig, tie, bind] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<ríta> cut runes; write --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<rjóða> make red, redden -- [Pokorny reudh- :: red] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<rjúka> reek, smoke; go flying, tumble -- [Pokorny reu-b-, and reu-g- :: to belch, eruct, retch, vomit] --

from the Grettis saga

<rót> root -- [Pokorny u̯(e)rād-, u̯_erəd-, u̯rəd- :: root, branch, twig] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<róta (að)> throw into disorder, upset -- [Pokorny 7. u̯er- :: to root, open, tear up] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<rǫcstóll> judgement or council seat --

<rǫðull> sun -- [Pokorny ret(h)- :: to run, roll, rotate] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<rǫnd> rim; shield -- [Pokorny rem-, remə- :: to rest; to support] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<rúm> room, space; seat; bed -- [Pokorny reu̯ə- : rū- :: to ream, open; wide, roomy] --

<rún> secret, secret wisdom, secret writing, rune --

from the Hávamál

<ræfr> roof -- [Pokorny 2. rēp-, rəp- :: pole, stake, beam, rafter] --

<rœða (dd)> speak -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<saga> story; history -- [Pokorny 2. sek^u̯- :: to see, notice; show, say, speak] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<saklauss> innocent, guiltless --

<salr> ground; hall; (pl.) a complex dwelling -- [Pokorny 1. sel- :: salon, dwelling place] --

<sama> beseem, befit -- [Pokorny 2. sem- :: one, some, together] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<saman> together -- [Pokorny 2. sem- :: one, some, together] --

<samr> same -- [Pokorny 2. sem- :: one, some, together] --

<sandr> sand; beach, shore -- [Pokorny es- :: is, to be] --

<sanna (að)> affirm; (refl.) prove to be true --

<sannindi> (pl.) truth --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<sannliga> truly --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<sannr, saðr> true --

<sá> that -- [Pokorny so(s), sā :: (nom. sg. demonstrative stem: he, she)] --

<sá_er> whoever --

<sár> wound -- [Pokorny sāi- :: pain, illness; sore] --

from the Njáls saga

<Sculd> (name of a norn); (name of a valkyrie); Shall --

from the Vǫluspá

<seggr> man; hero, warrior -- [Pokorny 1. sek^u̯- :: to segue, follow] --

<segja> say, speak; tell, tell of; relate -- [Pokorny 2. sek^u̯- :: to see, notice; show, say, speak] --

<segja (sagða)> say, speak; tell, tell of; relate -- [Pokorny 2. sek^u̯- :: to see, notice; show, say, speak] --

<seint> slowly; coldly --

from the Grettis saga

<selja> give; sell --

<sem> as; as if, that; while; when; where --

<senda (d)> send -- [Pokorny sent- :: to send, go, choose direction; to sense] --

<set> seat; raised floor along the sides of a hall -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle] --

<setja> set, place, put; seat; set up; establish; endow; direct; hurl; adorn -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle] --

<sextán> sixteen --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<Sighurþarsun> Sigurtharson --

<sigr (rs)> victory --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<sik> him-, her-, it-self; them-selves; one-self -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own] --

<sinn> time -- [Pokorny sent- :: to send, go, choose direction; to sense] --

<sinni> companion --

from the Vǫluspá

<sinn(i)> time, occasion -- [Pokorny sent- :: to send, go, choose direction; to sense] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<sitja> sit; stay, remain; reside --

<síð> late -- [Pokorny 2. sē(i)- : səi- : sī-, sē- : sə-, and sei- : si- :: to sow, dispatch, disseminate, let fall] --

<síða> practice sorcery; bewitch -- [Pokorny 3. sē(i)-, səi- : sī-, and sei- : si- :: to bind, strap, tie] --

<síðan> afterwards, since then --

<sínn> own, one's own --

<sjaldan> seldom --

<sjau> seven --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<sjau hundruð ok þrír tigir> eight hundred seventy --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<sjau tigir> seventy --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<sjá> see, perceive; find; understand; look -- [Pokorny 2. sek^u̯- :: to see, notice; show, say, speak] --

<sjá> this --

<sjálfr> self; him-, her-, it-self; themselves -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own] --

from the Hávamál

<sjálfráðr> free --

from the Njáls saga

<sjálfvili> free-will --

from the Egils saga

<skaði> damage, loss -- [Pokorny skēth-, skəth- :: to scold, scathe, injure, damage] --

<skammr> short -- [Pokorny (s)k̑em- :: deformed, disabled, mutilated; hornless] --

from the Egils saga

<skap> character -- [Pokorny 2. (s)kē̆p-, (s)kō̆p-, and (s)kā̆p-, (s)kē̆b(h)-, skob(h)-, and skā̆b(h)- :: to cut, shave, split with sharp tool] --

from the Hávamál

<skapa (að)> create; make, shape; determine -- [Pokorny 2. (s)kē̆p-, (s)kō̆p-, and (s)kā̆p-, (s)kē̆b(h)-, skob(h)-, and skā̆b(h)- :: to cut, shave, split with sharp tool] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<skapari> creator --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<Skáfiðr> Skafith --

from the Vǫluspá

<skáli> shed; hall, sleeping-hall -- [Pokorny 2. (s)keu-, (s)keu̯ə : (s)kū- :: to hide, wrap, cover] --

<skelfa (ð)> make tremble, frighten --

The Waking of Angantýr

<skepia (skóp, skapða)> make, create; pronounce, impose, decree --

<skera> shear, cut; cut through; cut open, pierce; make incisions, carve -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe] --

from the Vǫluspá

<skilja (ð, d)> divide, separate; disband; understand, perceive -- [Pokorny 1. (s)kel- :: to cut, halve] --

<skip> ship, boat -- [Pokorny skē̆i- :: to cut, skive, exscind, separate] --

<skipa (að)> array, draw up; assign (a seat); put in order; set; occupy -- [Pokorny skē̆i- :: to cut, skive, exscind, separate] --

<skipta (t)> divide, share; exchange; decide -- [Pokorny skē̆i- :: to cut, skive, exscind, separate] --

from the Egils saga

<skipti> (pl.) dealings --

from the Egils saga

<Skirvir> Skirvir --

from the Vǫluspá

<skíð> block of wood; wooden tablet or stave; one of the boards forming a door frame -- [Pokorny skē̆i- :: to cut, skive, exscind, separate] --

from the Vǫluspá

<skína> shine, gleam -- [Pokorny sk̑āi-, sk̑əi- : sk̑ī- :: to shine/shimmer dully; shadow] --

<skjaldborg> wall of shields; protection --

<skjálfa> shake, tremble -- [Pokorny 4. (s)kel-, extended klā-, klō- :: to bend; crooked] --

<skjólfa> shake, tremble --

The Waking of Angantýr

<skjóta> shoot, throw -- [Pokorny 2. (s)keud- :: to shoot, throw] --

<skjótla> quickly --

<skjǫldr> shield -- [Pokorny 1. (s)kel- :: to cut, halve] --

<skoða (að)> look, spy -- [Pokorny 1. keu-, skeu-, lengthened grade kēu- :: to see, hear, observe, hearken, attend to] --

<skógr> wood, forest -- [Pokorny (s)kek-, skeg- :: to jump, spring, move quickly; shake] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<skǫmm> shame -- [Pokorny 3. k̑em- :: to wrap, cover, conceal] --

<skreppa> slip -- [Pokorny (s)kerb(h)-, (s)kreb(h)-, nasalized (s)kremb- :: to curve, turn] --

from the Njáls saga

<skrifa (að)> write --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<skrúð> cloth, stuff; mailcoat -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<skulu> shall, must, ought -- [Pokorny 2. (s)kel- :: to owe, be guilty] --

<skutr> back cabin --

from the Egils saga

<skyggna (d)> peer, spy --

from the Hávamál

<skyldr> obliged, obligatory; related to; right --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<skynda (d)> cause to hasten, hurry; (intr.) hasten -- [Pokorny (s)kū̆t- :: to shake, shudder] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<skýrr> clear, manifest --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<slá> smite, strike -- [Pokorny slak- :: to hit, hammer] --

<slitri> rag, torn piece --

from the Grettis saga

<slíðrar, -ir> (pl.) sheath, scabbard --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<slíkr> such -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own] --

<slœgr> clever, crafty --

from the Njáls saga

<smár> small, little -- [Pokorny smē-, smeī-, sm-ei- :: to rub, smear] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<smíða (að)> forge, make, build --

from the Vǫluspá

<smíði> made object --

The Waking of Angantýr

<snjallr> clever in speech, eloquent; brave --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<Snorradóttir> daughter of Snorri --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<snotr> wise, clever --

<snúa> plait, tie, twist; turn -- [Pokorny snēu- : snū-, and snĕu- :: to turn, bind, attach; band, sinew] --

<sofa> sleep -- [Pokorny 1. su̯ep-, sup- :: to sleep] --

from the Njáls saga

<sonr> son --

<sókn> fight, attack --

from the Grettis saga

<sól> sun -- [Pokorny sā́u̯el-, sāu̯ol-, suu̯él-, su̯el-, sūl- :: Sol, sun] --

<sólarsetr> sunset --

The Waking of Angantýr

<sóma (d)> beseem, become -- [Pokorny 2. sem- :: one, some, together] --

from the Egils saga

<sǫk> cause, reason; lawsuit, dispute; sake -- [Pokorny sāg- :: to seek, track, trail] --

<spakr> quiet; wise, learned -- [Pokorny speg̑-, or spō̆g̑- :: to watch sharply, be attentive] --

<spara (ð, að)> spare; grudge, deny --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<spá> prophecy, song of fate -- [Pokorny spek̑- :: to watch, inspect, spy on] --

from the Egils saga

<speki> wisdom; branch of learning, body of knowledge -- [Pokorny speg̑-, or spō̆g̑- :: to watch sharply, be attentive] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<speld> shutter --

from the Njáls saga

<spenna (t)> span, clasp -- [Pokorny 2. sp(h)ei : sp(h)ī̆, and sp(h)ē : sp(h)ə- :: to pull, drag] --

from the Grettis saga

<spiall> spell, words, tiding; (pl.) tale --

from the Vǫluspá

<spilla (t)> destroy, spoil -- [Pokorny 1. (s)p(h)el- :: to cut, split, spall, tear off; board] --

<sporna (að)> spurn, tread upon --

<spretta> spring -- [Pokorny sp(h)erd(h)-, (s)p(h)red(h)-, nasalized sp(h)rend(h)- :: to rush, sprint, spring; running] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<spyrja (spurði)> trace, find out (about); hear; ask --

<spyrna (d)> kick; place the feet -- [Pokorny 1. sp(h)er-, sp(h)erə- :: to rush, push away, act rashly, etc.] --

<staðr> place, spot, dwelling; part; way, respect -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand] --

<stallr> stall; perch (for hawks) -- [Pokorny 3. stel- :: to put, place] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<standa> stand (firm); get up; take up a position; be in a place; remain valid; be in a specified condition; trend, flow; weigh -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand] --

<starf> work, trouble -- [Pokorny 1. (s)ter-, (s)terə- : (s)trē- :: stark, stiff, solid, rigid, etc.] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<steinn> stone, rock -- [Pokorny stāi-, stī̆-, sti̯-ā- :: to condense, press together; stiff; stone] --

<stela> steal, rob -- [Pokorny 3. ster- :: to rob, steal] --

from the Hávamál

<sterkr> strong -- [Pokorny 1. (s)ter-, (s)terə- : (s)trē- :: stark, stiff, solid, rigid, etc.] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<stiarna> star --

from the Vǫluspá

<stigræip> stirrup --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<stokkr> log, piece of wood; beam -- [Pokorny 1. (s)teu- :: to hit, push, thrust] --

<stórmerki> notable thing; mystery, sacrament --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<stórr> great, huge -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand] --

<stórskorinn> of huge proportions --

from the Grettis saga

<stund> period of time; hour; time -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand] --

<stundar> very, quite --

from the Grettis saga

<stundum> sometimes --

<styðja (dd)> support; provide with supports; use as a support; stab or pierce from all sides -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand] --

from the Vǫluspá

<stýra (ð)> steer, direct; wield; own -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<suðr> southwards -- [Pokorny sā́u̯el-, sāu̯ol-, suu̯él-, su̯el-, sūl- :: Sol, sun] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<Suðri> South --

from the Vǫluspá

<sumr> some -- [Pokorny 2. sem- :: one, some, together] --

<sundr> asunder -- [Pokorny seni-, senu-, s_eni-, sn̥-ter- :: for oneself; sundry, separate] --

<sunnan> from the south --

<súðþakiðr> roofed with overlapping boards --

from the Njáls saga

<Svafrlami> Svafrlami --

The Waking of Angantýr

<svalr> cool, cold -- [Pokorny 2. su̯el- :: to burn, smolder, swelter] --

from the Vǫluspá

<svara (að)> answer -- [Pokorny 1. su̯er-, also ser-? :: to speak, swear, answer] --

<svartr> black -- [Pokorny su̯ordo-s :: black, swarthy; dark/dirty color] --

<svá> so, thus, in this way; also; as, as if -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own] --

<sveimun> soaring, flitting --

The Waking of Angantýr

<sveipa> wrap, encircle -- [Pokorny su̯ē̆(i)- :: to bend, turn, swing, swivel] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<sveitungr> follower, retainer --

from the Egils saga

<svella> swell, rise high --

The Waking of Angantýr

<sverð> sword -- [Pokorny 4. su̯er- :: to cut, prick, pierce] --

<svipan> swing, sweep, blow --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<svíkja> betray -- [Pokorny su̯ē̆(i)- :: to bend, turn, swing, swivel] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<Svíurr> Sviur --

from the Vǫluspá

<svívirðing> disgrace --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<synja (að)> refuse, deny --

The Waking of Angantýr

<sýna> show --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<sýna (d)> show; (mid.) appear to be, seem; exist --

from the Grettis saga

<sæla> happiness; prosperity --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<sæll> fortunate, happy -- [Pokorny 6. sel-, selə- : slā- :: lucky, favorable; luck] --

<sællifðr> having a happy life, living happily --

from the Hávamál

<Sæmundr> Saemund --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<sær (sævar)> sea, inlet of the sea; lake --

<sæta (tt)> amount to, signify --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<sætt> reconciliation -- [Pokorny sāg- :: to seek, track, trail] --

from the Egils saga

<sætta> reconcile -- [Pokorny sāg- :: to seek, track, trail] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<sævargangr> surge of sea; flood --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<sœkja> seek, go to fetch; visit; proceed -- [Pokorny sāg- :: to seek, track, trail] --

<sœmð, sœmd> honor; redress, compensation --

<sœra (ð)> wound --

from the Njáls saga

<taka> take, take hold of; seize, capture; take to oneself, undertake; choose; accept, receive; begin (with infin.); reach, touch, strike against; happen, come to pass -- [Pokorny dēg- :: to take, grab, pack?] --

<tal> enumeration, list; conversation -- [Pokorny 1. del- :: to tell, count, calculate] --

from the Vǫluspá

<tala (að)> talk, speak; (recip.) discuss, converse -- [Pokorny 1. del- :: to tell, count, calculate] --

<tefla (lð)> play at 'tables', play board games --

from the Vǫluspá

<Teitr> Teit -- [Pokorny 1. dei-, dei̯ə-, dī-, di̯ā- :: to shine, glitter; day, sun; god, deity] --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<teitr> cheerful, merry; frolicsome -- [Pokorny 1. dei-, dei̯ə-, dī-, di̯ā- :: to shine, glitter; day, sun; god, deity] --

from the Vǫluspá

<telja (talða)> reckon, count; trace; number, enumerate; recount; declare -- [Pokorny 1. del- :: to tell, count, calculate] --

<til> too, very -- [Pokorny 2. ad- :: to fix, put in order] --

from the Hávamál

<til> in; of, concerning; on; as, for, to obtain; until, to, up to the time -- [Pokorny 2. ad- :: to fix, put in order] --

<tillit> glance, look --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<timbra (að)> timber, build, construct -- [Pokorny dem-, demə- :: to build, timber; house, domicile] --

from the Vǫluspá

<tíð> time -- [Pokorny dā : də-, and dāi- : dəi-, dī̆- :: to share, divide] --

<tíðendi> (pl.) events; tidings, news --

from the Egils saga

<tjald> tent, canopy; pavilion --

The Waking of Angantýr

<toga (að)> tug, pull -- [Pokorny deuk- :: to tug, pull, drag, tow] --

<Tófa> Tofa --

The Waking of Angantýr

<tól> tool -- [Pokorny 2. deu-, or dou- : du- :: to worship, venerate; mighty] --

from the Vǫluspá

<tólf> twelve --

The Waking of Angantýr

<Tósti> Tosti --

<tǫng> tong -- [Pokorny denk̑- :: to bite] --

from the Vǫluspá

<tǫnn> tooth -- [Pokorny ed- :: to eat] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<trauðr> unwilling, reluctant -- [Pokorny 4. der-, heavy-base derə-, drē- :: to cut, skin, split, tear] --

<tré> tree; log, beam -- [Pokorny deru-, dō̆ru-, dr(e)u-, drou-, dreu̯ə- : drū- :: firm, solid; tree, wood] --

from the Grettis saga

<trǫll> troll --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<trúa (ð)> believe, trust, have faith in -- [Pokorny deru-, dō̆ru-, dr(e)u-, drou-, dreu̯ə- : drū- :: firm, solid; tree, wood] --

<tunga> tongue -- [Pokorny dn̥g̑hū, dn̥g̑hu̯ā :: tongue] --

from the Hávamál

<tuttugu> twenty --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<tún> courtyard, (enclosed) field; home meadow; (pl.) farmstead; abode --

from the Vǫluspá

<tveir> two --

<Tyrfingr> Tyrfing --

<týna (d)> lose; forget (dat.) -- [Pokorny dāu-, dəu-, dū̆- :: to burn, injure, torment] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<uðr> wave -- [Pokorny 9. au̯(e)-, au̯ed-, au̯er- :: to wet, flow, sprinkle; water, river, etc.] --

from the Vǫluspá

<ugga> fear --

The Waking of Angantýr

<um> over, across; through, throughout; round, about; concerning --

<umgjǫrð> scabbard --

<umhverfis> around --

The Waking of Angantýr

<una> be contented; enjoy -- [Pokorny 1. u̯en-, u̯enə- :: to love, venerate, strive/wish for] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<undan> from under; away; (thrown) down --

from the Grettis saga

<undarliga> wondrously, strangely --

from the Grettis saga

<undir> under, below; beneath; up to; behind --

<undorn> the time before or after the midday meal -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in] --

from the Vǫluspá

<undrask (að)> wonder, be astonished (at) --

<ungr> young -- [Pokorny 3. i̯eu- :: young] --

<unna> not grudge; grant, allow; love -- [Pokorny ans- :: favorable, well inclined] --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<unz> until -- [Pokorny antro-m :: cave, hollow] --

<uphiminn> 'upper heaven', the heavens or sky above --

from the Vǫluspá

<upp> up -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand] --

<uppdyri> upper cross-piece of doorway, lintel --

from the Grettis saga

<upphaf> beginning --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<uppi> up --

from the Vǫluspá

<urðr> weird, (dire) fate; undoing, ruin; (pl.) fates, powers of fate; (name of a norn) --

<út> out; from abroad --

<útan> outside (of); beyond; without --

<útar> farther out -- [Pokorny ū̆d- :: out, away, up(wards)] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<útarliga> far out --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<úti> outside; out at sea; unsheltered -- [Pokorny ū̆d- :: out, away, up(wards)] --

<útlendr> foreign --

from the Egils saga

<vaða> wade through, pass through -- [Pokorny u̯ādh-, u̯ədh- :: to go, wade, stride, march] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<vaka> be awake, stay awake; watch -- [Pokorny u̯eg̑- :: fresh, strong] --

<vald> power, control -- [Pokorny u̯al-, u̯al-d(h)- :: to prevail, be strong] --

<Valfǫðr> Valfothr, Father of the Slain, Odin --

from the Vǫluspá

<valr> the slain -- [Pokorny 8. u̯el- :: to steal; to wound, tear, avulse] --

from the Egils saga

<valtæigr> hawk's ground, i.e. the arm --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<vamm> blemish, fault -- [Pokorny u̯em-, u̯emə- :: to spit, spew, wamble, vomit] --

from the Hávamál

<vandi> custom, habit -- [Pokorny 1. u̯endh- :: to turn, wind, wend] --

<vanfarinn> in evil straits --

The Waking of Angantýr

<vanir> (pl.) Vanir (race of gods) --

from the Vǫluspá

<vanr> wanting, lacking (in), without --

<vara (ð)> (impers.) expect -- [Pokorny 8. u̯er- :: to notice, observe, attend, be aware] --

from the Egils saga

<varr> wary -- [Pokorny 8. u̯er- :: to notice, observe, attend, be aware] --

<vatn> water; lake; waterway; river -- [Pokorny 9. au̯(e)-, au̯ed-, au̯er- :: to wet, flow, sprinkle; water, river, etc.] --

<vaxa> wax, grow, increase -- [Pokorny au̯eg-, u̯ōg-, aug-, ug- :: to augment, increase, magnify] --

<váð> cloth; (pl.) clothes -- [Pokorny 5. au̯-, au̯ē- :: to plait, weave] --

from the Hávamál

<válaðr> wretched, needy --

from the Hávamál

<vápn> weapon --

<várr> our, of us --

<vega> lift; smite, fight; kill, slay -- [Pokorny 2. u̯eik- :: force, energy (in battle, victory, etc.)] --

<veggr> wall -- [Pokorny 1. u̯ei-, u̯ei̯ə- : u̯ī̆- :: to bend, turn, wind] --

from the Njáls saga

<vegnest> provisions for a journey --

from the Hávamál

<vegr> way, road -- [Pokorny u̯eg̑h- :: to move, drive, carry, convey] --

from the Hávamál

<Veigr> Veig, Liquor --

from the Vǫluspá

<veita (tt)> grant, give; help; pay, yield; (recip.) back one another -- [Pokorny 2. u̯(e)id- :: to vide, see, wit, know] --

<vekja (vakti)> waken, rouse -- [Pokorny u̯eg̑- :: fresh, strong] --

from the Njáls saga

<vel> well, readily, easily --

<velspár> prophesying well or rightly --

from the Vǫluspá

<ver> sea --

from the Egils saga

<vera> be; stay; be done; happen -- [Pokorny 1. u̯es- :: to live, stay overnight] --

<vera> resort, refuge; means of existence, way (of going on) --

from the Hávamál

<verða> happen, come to pass; befall; chance to be; become --

<verðr> meal --

<verja (varði)> defend, protect -- [Pokorny 5. u̯er- :: to shut, close, cover; guard, warn, save] --

from the Njáls saga

<verǫld> world --

<verpa> throw, cast -- [Pokorny 3b. u̯er-, u̯er-b-, and u̯er-bh- :: to bend, turn, warp] --

from the Vǫluspá

<verr> worse --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<verri> worse --

<vesall> wretched, miserable -- [Pokorny 2. u̯ei-, u̯ei̯ə- : u̯ī̆- :: to wizen, wither] --

<vestan> from the west; west (of); bearing to the west --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<vestr> the west -- [Pokorny 3. au-, au̯e, u̯ē̆- :: down, away from] --

from the Egils saga

<Vestri> West --

from the Vǫluspá

<vetr> winter -- [Pokorny 9. au̯(e)-, au̯ed-, au̯er- :: to wet, flow, sprinkle; water, river, etc.] --

<við> reaching to, against, with; towards, at; in exchange for; by; (together) with, close to; because of -- [Pokorny 1. u̯ī̆- :: apart, separate from, in two; both] --

<viðfǫng> (pl.) supplies --

from the Njáls saga

<viðhlæjandi> one who laughs or smiles at one --

<viðr> tree; beam; forest; wood -- [Pokorny u̯idhu- :: tree, wood] --

<Viðrir> Odin --

<viðrtaca> reception, defense --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<vika> week -- [Pokorny 4. u̯eik-, u̯eig-, extended form of u̯ei- :: to bend, curve; exchange, pass around] --

<vili> will, desire, disposition --

from the Egils saga

<vilja> will, wish, be willing; intend --

<villhyggjandi> bewildered, deluded --

The Waking of Angantýr

<villr> wild, astray -- [Pokorny 4. u̯el-, u̯elə- :: wool, hair; grass, wold, forest] --

from the Hávamál

<Vindálfr> Vindalf, Wind-elf --

from the Vǫluspá

<vinna> work, perform, do (with ppart.) -- [Pokorny 1. u̯en-, u̯enə- :: to love, venerate, strive/wish for] --

from the Egils saga

<vinr> friend; patron, leader -- [Pokorny 1. u̯en-, u̯enə- :: to love, venerate, strive/wish for] --

<virðar> (pl.) men --

The Waking of Angantýr

<Virvir> Virvir --

from the Vǫluspá

<vit> intelligence, sense --

<vita (ssi)> know, be aware of; understand; know how (to); know of; find out -- [Pokorny 2. u̯(e)id- :: to vide, see, wit, know] --

<vitja (að)> go to, visit --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<Vitr> Vit, Color --

from the Vǫluspá

<vitta (tt)> enchant, conjure --

from the Vǫluspá

<víða> widely, in many places; extensively --

<vígja (ð)> hallow, consecrate; lay a spell on -- [Pokorny 1. u̯eik- :: to choose, filter, sort out] --

The Waking of Angantýr

<vígspár> death-proclaiming --

from the Vǫluspá

<víkingr> viking, pirate --

<víl> trouble -- [Pokorny u̯ā̆i-, u̯ī- :: weak, miserable] --

from the Hávamál

<Víli> Vili --

from the Vǫluspá

<vísa> verse, stanza --

<vísi> leader --

<víss> certain, wise -- [Pokorny 2. u̯(e)id- :: to vide, see, wit, know] --

<víti> penalty, punishment, liability to penalty; injury, misfortune -- [Pokorny 2. u̯(e)id- :: to vide, see, wit, know] --

from the Hávamál

<vǫllr> level ground, ground; plain; field -- [Pokorny 4. u̯el-, u̯elə- :: wool, hair; grass, wold, forest] --

<vǫlva> seeress, prophetess, sorceress, soothsayer --

from the Vǫluspá

<vængr> wing -- [Pokorny u̯e-n-gh- :: bent] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<væni> expectation -- [Pokorny 1. u̯en-, u̯enə- :: to love, venerate, strive/wish for] --

from the Hávamál

<vænn> likely; fair to behold --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<vænta (t)> expect --

from the Egils saga

<vætki> no one; not a whit, nothing --

from the Vǫluspá

<yð(v)arr> your, of you (pl.) --

<yfir> above, over, at; across, upon -- [Pokorny upér, upéri :: over, above] --

<Yggdrasill> Yggdrasil --

from the Vǫluspá

<ykkarr> your, of you two --

The Waking of Angantýr

<Ymir> Ymir, a giant -- [Pokorny i̯em- :: to hold, match, defeat, geminate; twin] --

from the Vǫluspá

<Yngvi> Yngvi --

from the Vǫluspá

<yppa (pð)> lift, raise --

from the Vǫluspá

<ýmiss> various --

from the Grettis saga

<þaðan> thence --

<þangat> thither --

<þar> there, in that place -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)] --

<þá> then -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)] --

<þá_er> when --

<Þeccr> Thekk, Known --

from the Vǫluspá

<þegar> at once --

<þegja (þagða)> be silent -- [Pokorny tak-, takē(i)- :: to be tacit, silent] --

<þekja> thatch, roof -- [Pokorny 1. (s)teg- :: to deck, thatch, cover; house, roof] --

<þerra> towel -- [Pokorny ters- :: to toast, dry; thirst] --

from the Hávamál

<þiggja> accept, receive -- [Pokorny 2. tek- :: to reach, stretch out (hand) for] --

<þing> (legal) assembly -- [Pokorny 1. tenk- :: to span, extend; pull, stretch] --

from the Hávamál

<þinn> thy, thine, of you --

<þióðlǫð> friendly invitation --

from the Hávamál

<þjóta> resound; rush, flow -- [Pokorny tu, tutu :: (onomatopoeic: chirping of bird)] --

from the Egils saga

<þollr> tree (the ash Yggdrasil); post, pillar; beam -- [Pokorny tēu-, təu-, teu̯ə-, tu̯ō-, tū̆- :: to swell, intumesce] --

from the Vǫluspá

<þora (ð)> dare -- [Pokorny tēu-, təu-, teu̯ə-, tu̯ō-, tū̆- :: to swell, intumesce] --

<Þorgrímr> Thorgrim --

<Þorinn> Thorin --

from the Vǫluspá

<Þorkell> Thorkel --

<Þorlákr> Thorlak --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<þó> yet, and yet; however, nevertheless --

<Þóríðr> Thorith --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<þǫgn> silence --

from the Egils saga

<þǫgull> silent -- [Pokorny tak-, takē(i)- :: to be tacit, silent] --

from the Hávamál

<þǫrf> need, lack -- [Pokorny terp-, trep- :: to enjoy, satisfy oneself] --

<þrausk> rummaging --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<Þráinn> Thrain --

from the Vǫluspá

<þriði> third --

<þriðiungr> third part --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<þriðjungr> third part --

from the Grettis saga

<þrífa> grasp --

<þrír> three -- [Pokorny trei- :: three, trio] --

<þróask (að)> thrive, grow (big), increase --

from the Hávamál

<Þrór> Thror --

from the Vǫluspá

<þrǫmr> edge, rim (of a shield) -- [Pokorny 4. ter-, terə- : tr̥̄-, trā-, teru- :: to cross, get over, etc.] --

from the Egils saga

<þruma (ð)> stand motionless, hover; remain silent -- [Pokorny 1. tu̯er- : tur-, and tu̯r̥- :: to twirl, turn] --

from the Hávamál

<þrysvar> thrice --

<þræll> thrall, slave --

<þunnr> thin, stretched, strained -- [Pokorny tenu-s, t_enu-s :: thin] --

from the Hávamál

<þurfa (þarf, þurfta)> need; (impers.) be necessary -- [Pokorny terp-, trep- :: to enjoy, satisfy oneself] --

<þurs> giant -- [Pokorny 1. tu̯er- : tur-, and tu̯r̥- :: to twirl, turn] --

from the Vǫluspá

<þú> thou, you -- [Pokorny tū̆ :: thou, you] --

<þvá> wash -- [Pokorny 2. tu̯ak- :: to bathe] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<þverr> athwart; adverse, contrary -- [Pokorny 7. ter-, terə-, terbh-, terd-, terg-, terp- :: stiff, rigid, solid, etc.] --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<þvertré> cross-beam --

from the Grettis saga

<þvíat> since, because, for --

<þvílíkr> such --

from the Battle of Stamford Bridge

<þykkja (þótti)> seem, be thought -- [Pokorny 1. tong-, *teng- :: to think, feel] --

<þylja (þuldi)> recite --

from the Egils saga

<þýða (dd)> make equivalent, interpret as -- [Pokorny tēu-, təu-, teu̯ə-, tu̯ō-, tū̆- :: to swell, intumesce] --

from the Prologue of Snorra Edda

<æ> ever, always; forever -- [Pokorny aiu̯-, ai̯u- :: vitality, life force] --

<ætla (að)> think, consider (to be); expect, look for; intend (to do) -- [Pokorny ok- :: to consider] --

<ætlun> estimate, opinion --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<ætt> direction, region; family, line; stock, tribe; ancestry -- [Pokorny ēik- :: to own, possess, be capable] --

<Ættar-tala> genealogy --

Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland

<æva> never; not at all --

<ævagi> never --

from the Hávamál

<ørlǫg> (pl.) destiny, fate; war -- [Pokorny legh- :: to lie, recline, set down] --

from the Vǫluspá

<ørlǫglauss> fateless (i.e. on whom fate has not yet been imposed) -- [Pokorny legh- :: to lie, recline, set down] --

from the Vǫluspá

<ørviti> out of one's senses --

The Waking of Angantýr

<œði> disposition --

from the Hávamál

<œpa (t)> cry out --

from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki

<œrinn> sufficient, enough --

<œrr> mad, frantic -- [Pokorny u̯ōro- :: madness; dizziness, weariness] --

The Waking of Angantýr

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