Old Norse Online

Lessons

0. Introduction to Old Norse
1. Ari Þorgilsson: On the Settling of Iceland
2. from the Prologue of Snorra Edda
3. from the Grettis saga
4. from the Njáls saga
5. from the Egils saga
6. from the Tale of Bǫðvarr Bjarki
7. from the Battle of Stamford Bridge
8. The Waking of Angantýr
9. from the Vǫluspá
10. from the Hávamál
11. Selected Annotated Bibliography

Grammar Points

• 1. The Alphabet.
• 2. Sound System.
•     2.1. Consonants.
•     2.2. Vowels.
•     2.3. Syllables and Stress.
•     2.4. Umlaut.
•     2.5. Consonant Changes.
• 3. Strong Declension.
•     3.1. a / ja / wa-Stems.
•     3.2. ō / jō / wō-Stems.
• 4. Strong Conjugation.
•     4.1. Strong Verb Classes.
•     4.2. Active Paradigm.
•     4.3. Middle Paradigm.
• 5. Word Order and Concord.
• 6. Further Sound Rules.
•     6.1. Syncope and Contraction.
•     6.2. Breaking.
•     6.3. Raising.
•     6.4. Lengthening and Shortening.
•     6.5. Retention of Semi-Vowels.
• 7. Strong Declension.
•     7.1. i-Stems.
•     7.2. u-Stems.
• 8. Personal Pronouns.
•     8.1. First and Second Person Pronouns.
•     8.2. Third Person Pronouns.
• 9. Weak Conjugation.
•     9.1. Weak Verb Classes.
•     9.2. Active Paradigm.
•     9.3. Middle Paradigm.
• 10. Particles.
• 11. Strong Declension.
•     11.1. r-Stems.
•     11.2. nd-Stems.
•     11.3. Other Consonant Stems.
• 12. Demonstratives.
•     12.1. Pronouns & Adjectives.
•     12.2. Definite Article.
• 13. Adjectives.
•     13.1. Strong Declension.
•     13.2. Declension of annarr.
•     13.3. Possessive Adjectives.
• 14. Past Participle.
•     14.1. Formation.
•     14.2. Supine.
• 15. Prepositions.
• 16. Weak Nominal Declension.
•     16.1. an/jan-Stems.
•     16.2. ōn/jōn-Stems.
•     16.3. in-Stems.
• 17. Adjectives.
•     17.1. Weak Declension.
•     17.2. Comparison of Adjectives.
• 18. Relatives, Interrogatives, and Indefinites.
•     18.1. Relatives.
•     18.2. Interrogatives.
•     18.3. Indefinites.
• 19. Present Participle.
• 20. Adjective Use.
• 21. Distributive and Negative Pronouns and Adjectives.
•     21.1. Distributives.
•     21.2. Negatives.
• 22. Numerals.
•     22.1. Cardinals and Ordinals.
•     22.2. Numeral Declension.
• 23. The First Strong Conjugation.
• 24. The Second Strong Conjugation.
• 25. Adverbs.
•     25.1. General.
•     25.2. Negation and Affirmation.
•     25.3. Local.
•     25.4. Comparison.
• 26. The Third Strong Conjugation.
• 27. The Fourth Strong Conjugation.
• 28. Subject Agreement and Verbal Complements.
• 29. The Accusative Case.
• 30. Pronouns, Adverbs, and Conjunctions Introducing Subordinate Clauses.
• 31. The Fifth Strong Conjugation.
• 32. The Sixth Strong Conjugation.
• 33. The Genitive Case.
• 34. The Dative Case.
• 35. Subordinate Clauses with er and at.
• 36. The Seventh Strong Conjugation.
• 37. Weak Verbs and the First Weak Conjugation.
•     37.1. Basic Formation of Weak Verbs.
•     37.2. The First Weak Conjugation.
• 38. The Subjunctive.
•     38.1. Present Subjunctive.
•     38.2. Past Subjunctive.
• 39. Reflexive and Middle Verbs.
•     39.1. Reflexive Formation.
•     39.2. Use of Reflexives.
• 40. Tense and Aspect.
•     40.1. Relative Time Marking.
•     40.2. The Perfect.
•     40.3. The Future.
•     40.4. Historical Present.
• 41. Second Weak Conjugation.
• 42. Third Weak Conjugation.
• 43. Preterite-Present Verbs.
•     43.1. The First Gradation.
•     43.2. The Third Gradation.
•     43.3. The Fourth Gradation.
•     43.4. The Fifth Gradation.
• 44. Anomalous Verbs: valda, vilja, vera.
• 45. Word Derivation.
•     45.1. Derived Verbs.
•     45.2. Derived Nouns and Adjectives.
•     45.3. Compounds.
• 46. Runes.
•     46.1. Phonology.
•     46.2. Orthography.
•     46.3. Orthographic Features.
• 47. Runic Declension.
•     47.1. Declension of Vocalic Stems.
•     47.2. Declension of Consonant Stems.
•     47.3. Pronominal Declension.
• 48. Runic Verbal Conjugation.
• 49. Runic Syntax.
•     49.1. Adjectives and Modifiers.
•     49.2. Verb Placement and Word Order.
• 50. Inscriptions.