Old Iranian Online

Lessons

0. Introduction to Old Iranian
1. Old Avestan: Yasna 29, the Cow's Lament
2. Old Avestan: Yasna 29 (continued)
3. Old Avestan: Yasna 53 -- a gatha (wedding song)
4. Old Avestan: Yasna 30 -- a gatha about reward and punishment
5. Young Avestan: Yast 10 -- excerpt from Hymn to Mithra
6. Young Avestan: Yasna 10 -- excerpt from Hymn to Haoma
7. Old Persian: excerpts from Darian Inscription DB IV
8. Old Persian: excerpt from DB I
9. Old Persian: excerpt from DNa
10. Old Persian: excerpt from XPh

Grammar Points

• 1. The Alphabet.
• 2. The Sound System.
•     2.1. Phonology.
•     2.2. Accentuation.
•     2.3. Length of Final Vowels.
• 3. Noun Inflection.
•     3.1. a-Stem Nouns, Masculine and Neuter.
•     3.2. ā-Stem Nouns, Feminine.
• 4. Verb Inflection.
•     4.1. The Present Tense.
•     4.2. The Imperfect.
• 5. Word Order.
• 6. Short and Long i- and u-Stem Nouns.
•     6.1. i- and u-Stem Nouns, Masculine.
•     6.2. ī- and ū-Stem Nouns, Feminine.
•     6.3. i- and u-Stem Nouns, Neuter.
• 7. Personal Pronouns.
•     7.1. First and Second Person Pronouns.
•     7.2. Third Person/Demonstrative Pronouns.
• 8. Athematic Presents and Ablaut.
•     8.1. Athematic Classes.
•     8.2. Vowel Gradation.
• 9. Causatives and Denominatives.
• 10. Adverbs, Prepositions, and Preverbs.
•     10.1. Derived Adverbial Forms.
•     10.2. Non-derivative Adverbs, including Prepositions and Preverbs.
• 11. an̨t-, man̨t-, and van̨t-stem Nouns.
•     11.1. nt-Stem Nouns, Masculine.
•     11.2. nt-Stem Nouns, Neuter.
• 12. Demonstrative Pronouns.
• 13. The Aorist Tense.
• 14. The Present Participle.
• 15. Conjunctions, Clitics, and a Note on Puns.
•     15.1. Conjunctions, Particles, Interjections, and Clitics.
•     15.2. Puns.
• 16. Noun Stems in Sibilants and Stops.
•     16.1. n-stem Nouns.
•     16.2. r/n-stem Nouns.
• 17. Relative and Interrogative Pronouns.
• 18. The Perfect Tense.
• 19. The Perfect Active Participle.
• 20. Relative-Correlative Syntax.
• 21. r- and r/n-stem Nouns.
•     21.1. tar-stems.
•     21.2. r/n-stems.
• 22. Possessive Pronouns.
• 23. The Imperfect.
• 24. Passive Constructions.
• 25. Zarathustrianism and Zoroastrianism, Gathic Avestan and Younger Avestan.
• 26. Root Nouns and Sibilant-Stems.
•     26.1. Root Nouns, Masculine and Feminine.
•     26.2. h-Stem Nouns, Neuter.
• 27. The Future Passive Particple and the Infinitive.
• 28. The Future Tense and Derivative Conjugations.
•     28.1. Future Tense as Action.
•     28.2. Future Active and Middle Participles.
•     28.3. Causatives, Desideratives, and Intensives.
• 29. Avestan Texts, Grammars, and Dictionaries.
• 30. The Avestan Legacy.
• 1. The Old Persian Alphabet.
• 2. The Old Persian Sound System.
•     2.1. Phonology.
•     2.2. Ablaut.
•     2.3. Sandhi.
• 3. Noun Inflection.
•     3.1. a-Stem Nouns, Masculine and Neuter.
•     3.2. ā-Stem Nouns, Feminine.
• 4. Verb Inflection.
•     4.1. The Present Tense.
•     4.2. The Imperfect.
• 5. Word Order.
• 6. Short and Long i- and u-Stem Nouns.
•     6.1. i- and u-Stem Nouns, Masculine and Neuter.
• 7. Personal Pronouns.
•     7.1. First and Second Person Pronouns.
•     7.2. Third Person Pronouns.
• 8. Athematic Presents.
• 9. Causatives and Denominatives.
• 10. Adverbs, Adpositions, and Preverbs.
• 11. r- and n-stem Nouns.
•     11.1. r-stem Nouns.
•     11.2. an-, man-, and van-stem Nouns.
• 12. Pronouns.
•     12.1. Demonstrative Pronouns.
•     12.2. Relative Pronouns.
• 13. The Aorist Tense.
• 14. Verbal Adjectives and Nouns.
• 15. Relative-Correlative Syntax.
• 16. Noun Stems in Sibilants and Stops.
•     16.1. s-stem Nouns.
•     16.2. Stems in Stops.
• 17. Compounds.
• 18. The Perfect Tense and the Passive Verb.
• 19. The Passive and the Sequential Accusative.
•     19.1. The Passive Construction.
•     19.2. The Sequential Accusative.
• 20. Old Persian Texts, Grammars, and Dictionaries.