Ancient Sanskrit Online
Table of Contents
Lessons
- Introduction to Ancient Sanskrit
- Rigveda I, 98
- Rigveda IV, 53, 1-6
- Rigveda III, 33, 4-8
- Rigveda VII, 81
- Rigveda VIII, 18, 4-12
- Rigveda VI, 21, 2-6
- Rigveda X, 37, 5-10
- Rigveda V, 42, 13-18
- Rigveda II, 42 and X, 58
- Rigveda VIII, 27, 10-20
- Appendix 1: Sandhi
- Appendix 2: Index of examples
Grammar Points
- 1. An introduction to the verb √as 'be'..
- 2. The personal pronoun..
- 3. Nominal stems in -i and -u..
- 4. Verb inflection: active and middle forms of the present tense..
- 5. The Rigvedic accent..
- 6. Nominal stems in -a..
- 7. Present active participles in -ant..
- 7.1. Adjectives participial in form: mahánt and br̥hánt..
- 8. Nominal stems in -tr̥..
- 8.1. Agent nouns..
- 8.2. Nouns of relationship..
- 9. Prepositions and preverbs..
- 10. Simple nominal compounds..
- 11. The relative pronoun yá..
- 11.1. Use of yát as conjunction..
- 12. The demonstrative pronouns..
- 12.1. sás, sā́, tát 'that', eṣás, eṣā́, etát
- 12.2. ayám, iyám, idám 'this'..
- 13. The verb..
- 13.1. Present System: thematic and athematic conjugations..
- 13.2. General rules of reduplication..
- 14. The imperative mood..
- 15. Present middle participles, past participles, and future passive participles..
- 15.1. Present middle participles..
- 15.2. Past participles..
- 15.3. Future passive participles..
- 16. Stems in -as, -is, and -us..
- 16.1. Stems in -as..
- 16.2. Stems in -is and -us..
- 17. Secondary nominal formation..
- 17.1. Secondary stems in -a, -ya, and -tvá..
- 17.2. Secondary stems in -vant and -mant..
- 17.3. Secondary feminine stems in -ī..
- 18. The imperfect..
- 19. The subjunctive mood..
- 20. Word order in the sentence..
- 21. Prefixes a-, su- and dus-..
- 22. Nouns in -man, -an and -van..
- 23. The verb: primary and secondary endings..
- 24. The optative mood..
- 25. Numerals..
- 26. The Perfect System: the perfect tense..
- 26.1. Moods of the Perfect System..
- 27. Perfect participles..
- 27.1. Perfect active participles in -vāṃs..
- 27.2. Perfect middle participles..
- 28. Nouns of one syllable ending in consonants..
- 29. Comparative and Superlative..
- 29.1. Primary formation..
- 29.2. Secondary formation..
- 30. Interrogatives..
- 31. Iteration..
- 32. Adjectives with pronominal declension..
- 33. Derivative verbs..
- 33.1. The causative..
- 33.2. The intensive..
- 33.3. The desiderative..
- 33.4. The denominative..
- 34. The Future System..
- 35. Further notes on the accent..
- 35.1. Finite verbs..
- 35.2. Verbs and participles with preverbs..
- 35.3. Compounds with irregular double accentuation..
- 36. Secondary stems in -ín..
- 37. Introduction to the Aorist System: the aorist tense..
- 37.1. The simple aorist..
- 37.2. The reduplicating aorist..
- 37.3. The sigmatic aorist..
- 38. Omission of the verb..
- 39. Three nouns with mixed stems..
- 40. Formulaic cadences and repetitions..
- 41. Similes introduced by iva and ná..
- 41.1. iva, va..
- 41.2. ná 'like'..
- 42. yáthā and yathā..
- 43. Injunctives..
- 43.1. Unaugmented past forms..
- 43.2. Modal forms..
- 43.3. Negative modal forms with mā́..
- 44. Infinitives..
- 45. Metre..
- 45.1. The importance of the metrical evidence..
- 46. Primary stems in long vowels..
- 46.1. Primary stems in -ī and -ū..
- 46.2. Primary stems in -ā..
- 47. Aorist System: participles and moods..
- 47.1. Aorist participles..
- 47.2. The aorist imperative..
- 47.3. The aorist subjunctive..
- 47.4. The aorist optative..
- 48. The passive..
- 48.1. The aorist passive..
- 49. Primary nominal formation..
- 50. The indological tradition: interpretation of verbal roots and their derivatives in the Rigveda..
- 50.1. Abstract, not concrete: the example of √grabh..
- 50.2. Later specialization of meaning: the example of √pī..
- 50.3. The assumption of ritual meaning: the example of √añj..
