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Tocharian Online

Tocharian A: Base Form Dictionary

This Base Form Dictionary index lists, in an alphabetical order suitable to the language and the script employed for it, every unique base form underlying one or more surface (word) forms in lesson texts. For each base form a general meaning (if any) is shown, along with links to every usage, in every numbered lesson, of the associated surface forms. With this index, one may click on any link to perform a quick "usage look-up," and thereby study how surface forms in texts are constructed from base forms.

A new, experimental feature is being introduced to these EIEOL lessons, namely the addition of pointers to Proto-Indo-European roots identified by Julius Pokorny in his monumental work, Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (2 vols. Bern: Franke, 1959-1969; reprinted in 1989). Because Pokorny is becoming increasingly outdated, we may revise these links in the future; however, for the time being, this information might prove interesting to those who are curious about Indo-European etymology. Notice of potential error is always welcome.

<akäṃtsune> possession --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<akälyme> under the control of --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<appärmāt> despicable --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<amok> art, skill --

<amokäts> artist, artisan --

<amokṣi> artistic --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<ats> (emphasizing particle), even, indeed --

<ākälṣäl> (one) to be taught, student --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<āral> end (?) --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<ārkiśoṣi> world --

<ārwar> ready --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<ārṣal> serpent --

<ālak> other --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<ālās> slothful --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<ālāsune> sloth --

<āsuk> over --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<āṣānik> worthy (of praise) --

<āṣāṃ> worthy --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<i-> go --

<ekrorñe> poverty --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<ents-> seize --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<empele> awful --

<el> gift --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<okät> eight --

<oki> like, as --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<oppal> lotus --

<omäskeṃ> evil --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<ort> friend (?) --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<ortune> friendship --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<olyi> ship --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<oṣeñi> by night --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<-k> (emphatic particle), indeed, even --

<Kanakamuni> Kanakamuni, name of a Buddha --

Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (cont'd)

<kappāñ> (pl.) cotton plant (?) --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<kayurṣ> bull --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<kalpavṛkäṣ> "wish-tree" --

<kācke> joy --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<kāruṇik> compassionate, merciful --

Exerpt from the Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (A255/THT888)

<kārp-> step down to, descend --

<kāryap> harm --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<kāsu> good --

<Kāśyap> Kasyap, name of a Buddha --

Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (cont'd)

<kätk-> go beyond, exceed --

<käm-> come --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<kärṣt-> cut off --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<kälk-> go --

<kälp> attain --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<kälp-> attain --

<kälp-> acquire, attain --

<kälyme> direction, path, path to heaven --

<käs-> expire, die --

<käṣṣi> teacher --

<kuprene> when, if --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<kuma...> ... (name of a type of metrical verse) --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<k_uyalte> because, for --

<kuryar> commerce --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<kursär> mile, vehicle --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<kusne> which --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<koṃ> day, sun --

<kosne> as, as much (as), as often (as) --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<kospreṃ> how much?, how far? --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<knā-> know --

Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (cont'd)

<kñuk> neck --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<Krakasundi> Krakasundi, name of a Buddha --

Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (cont'd)

<krop-> gather --

<klu> rice --

<kluṃts> thread --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<klyu> fame --

<cintāmaṇi> 'wish-jewel' (a type of precious stone) --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<cwal> beginning (?) --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<Jambudvip> Jambudvipa --

<tampewāts> powerful --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<taṃne> so --

<tā-> set, lay --

<tāk-> be --

<täpreṃ> so (much) --

<täm-> beget, produce --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<tämne> so, thus --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<tämyo> by this, from this, therefore --

<toriṃ> finally --

<tkaṃ> earth --

<tmāṃ> ten thousand --

<tmäṣ> thereupon, then --

<träṅk-> say --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<trit> third --

<tre, tri> three --

<traidʰātuk> the world composed of three spheres (desire, beauty, non-beauty) --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<dvip> island --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<nam> bow, obeisance --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<nas-> be --

<nāk> serpent --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<nākäm> blame --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<näk-> perish, destroy --

<näm-> bow, bend --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<näṣ, ñuk> I --

<niṣpal> domain, holdings --

<nu> now, even, anyway --

<nu-> roar --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<-ne> (indefinite marker), (relative marker) --

<neṣ> earlier, prior --

<ñātse> hardship, danger --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<ñäkci> godly, heavenly --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<ñu> nine --

Exerpt from the Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (A255/THT888)

<ñemi> jewel --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<ñemiṣi> related to jewels, of jewels --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<ñom> name --

<ñkät> god --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<pat> or --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<pāk> part --

<pākär> overtly, manifestly, visibly --

<pās-> guard --

<pät> over, beyond (?) --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<pänt> fifth --

<päñ> five --

<pärko> advantage, rise --

<pälk-> see --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<pälk-> shine --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<pält> blade, leaf --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<pältsäk> thought, opinion --

<puk> all, every, whole --

<puk, pont-> all, every, whole --

Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (cont'd)

<p_ukäl> year --

<-puklyi> yearly, pertaining to the year --

<puttiśparäṃ> Buddha-lordship, -majesty, -dignity --

<puttiśparäṃ> Buddha-dignity --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<puttiśparṣi> relating to Buddha-lordship --

<pe> also --

<penu> also; even, in fact --

<poke> arm --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<pot-> flatter --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<poto> flattery, obeisance --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<por> fire --

<ptāñkät (pättāñkät)> Buddha(lord) --

<pyutk-> make come into being, produce --

<pratipakäṣ (pratipakṣ)> barrier, opposing part; the opposite --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<praṅk> island --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<praski> anxiety, dread --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<praṣt> time --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<pruccamo> excellent, superior --

<psäl> chaff --

<Baladvip> Baladvipa (name of an island) --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<bodʰisattu> bodhisattva, a saint who foregoes Nirvana to help others --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<-m, -äm> (pronominal suffix for 1st, 2nd, 3rd persons pl.) us, you, them --

<mar> no, not --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<mā> no, not --

<māk> much --

<māski> hard --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<mäṃtne (mätne)> as, so as, so as to --

<mäsk-> be located, be --

<mok> old --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<mñe> certitude, assurance (?) --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<yakäṣ> (type of) demon --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<yāt-> be able, be capable --

<yām> make --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<yām-> make --

<yärk> reverence --

<yärm> measure --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<yäslu> enemy --

<yuk-> conquer, overcome --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<yetwe> jewelry, decoration --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<yom-> attain --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<ykoṃ> by day --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<ynāñmune> esteem --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<ypic> full, complete --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<ype> land --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<ymār> quickly --

<ywārckā (ywārśkā)> between, among, in the middle of --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<yṣaṃ> ditch, moat --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<rākṣats> (type of) monster --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<räk-> cover oneself, be covered --

<ritw-> coalesce --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<lame> place, location --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<lāñci> kingly, of a king --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<läm-> sit --

<lip-> remain, be left over; (caus.) leave (over), give up/over, spare --

<lo> away --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<lyā-> wipe away --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<lyäk> thief --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<lyom> mud --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<Vipaśyi> Vipasyin, name of a Buddha --

Exerpt from the Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (A255/THT888)

<Viśvabʰū> Visvabhu, name of a Buddha --

Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (cont'd)

<waste> protection --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<waṣt> house --

<wät> second --

<wär> water --

<wärp-> enjoy --

<wärṣṣälts> strong, energetic --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<wäl> king --

<wäl-> die --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<wälts> thousand --

<wäs-> give --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<wäs-> clothe --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<wik-> decrease --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<wu, we> two --

<weñ-> say --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<wkäṃ> manner, type --

<wmār> jewel, pearl --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<wram> thing, matter --

<wras(om)> (living) creature, man --

<wrasom> living being, human, man --

<wles> perform --

<wles-> perform --

<wles> service, work, action --

<wles-> accomplish, perform --

<wles> service, work, activity --

<wsāl> garment --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<sam> same (as) --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<saṃ> some, any --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<saṃsār> cycle of birth --

<Sarvārtʰasiddʰe> Sarvathasiddhe, name of a Bodhisattva --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<sas, säṃ> one --

<Sāgare> Sagara (name of a king) --

<sāmudtär> ocean --

<sārtʰ> caravan, campaign, troop --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<sätk-> spread --

<säm, sām, täm> the; he, she, it, they --

<säm, sām, täm> the; he, she, it --

<särki> thereupon, later --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<sälp-> glow --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<säs, sās, täṣ> this, this here --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<Siddʰārtʰe> Siddhartha, name of the father of the Bodhisattva Sarvarthasiddha --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<se> son --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<sopi> net --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<skam> always --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<sne> without --

<spānte> confidently --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<spārtw-> turn (intrans.), be located --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<speṣi> rock-crystalline, of rock crystal --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<śāwe> (only plural) big --

<śāwe> (pl. forms only) big --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<śäk> ten --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<Śikʰi> Shikhin, name of a Buddha --

Exerpt from the Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (A255/THT888)

<Śilpavāṃ> Shilpavant (name of a prince) --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<śu> over --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<śu-, śwā-> eat --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<Śuriṣin> (name of a type of metrical verse) --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<śemäl> cattle, livestock --

<śol> life --

<śkaṃ> and, also, and also --

<śkaṃ> and, also --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<śkā> still, yet, moreover --

Exerpt from the Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (A255/THT888)

<śtärt> fourth --

<śtwar> four --

<śla> (together) with --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<ṣ-> be --

<ṣakk> certainly --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<ṣāmner> novice --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

<ṣäk> six --

<ṣkäṣt> sixth --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<ṣñaṣṣe> relation, relative --

<ṣñi> (genitive only, reflexive for all numbers and persons) my, your, their, his (own), her (own), its (own) --

Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)

<ṣpät> seven --

<tsäm-> grow --

<tsmār> root --

<tsraṣi> energetic --

<tsraṣṣune> energy --

<tsru> few, small --

Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka

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Tocharian Online

Tocharian A: Base Form Dictionary

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