Tocharian Online

Tocharian B: English Meaning Index

This English Index lists, in alphabetical order, seemingly significant words used in the "general meaning" glosses of Base Forms underlying one or more surface (word) forms in lesson texts. For each English word, base forms having that word in their general meanings are shown, along with links to every usage, in every numbered lesson, of the associated surface forms. With this index, one may click on any link to perform a quick "usage look-up," and thereby study how surface forms in texts are constructed from base forms sharing a general English meaning word. In order to reduce clutter in this index, certain high-frequency English "function" words are ignored unless there are no "content" words in the meaning.

This index was created by software, not by human hand, using lesson materials authored with very few constraints on the expression of "meaning" other than it being in English. Selecting significant words from free-form text via software is a notoriously difficult task. For example, while most meanings in these lessons are expressed as "glosses," some or parts may be comments directed toward the human reader, who is expected to discern the difference. Computer software cannot yet make such subtle linguistic distinctions, so all words in a meaning are treated alike. With few exceptions, then, all words are indexed. The results are neither produced nor presented with any claims to superior linguistic sensitivity, but at least the full meaning texts are shown for your inspection and judgment. Modest effort was invested in tuning the software to ignore [apparently] superfluous, high-frequency words (e.g., the preposition "of") that, in the presence of [apparently] more important words, contribute little or no useful information to an index; unfortunately this may result in some words, in some contexts, being unfairly omitted.




18 : <ṣaḍap-ṣalywe-malkwer> (name of a meter of 4 by 18 syllables) -- ABL. : <parna> (adv., postposition) outside; (w. abl.) beyond, out from; (w. perl.) aside from; (prepos., postpos.) except, absent -- ABL. : <rit-> direct (someone, with obl.); demand (something of someone, with obl. of thing and abl.); (medp.) seek, long for something/someone (with obl.); seek/long (to do something, with infin.) -- ABLATIVE : <-meṃ> (ending of the ablative) -- ABODE : <aśrām> ashram, the abode of an ascetic -- ABOUT : <pälsk-> think about, consider -- ABOVE : <kauc> high, up, above -- ABSENT : <parna> (adv., postposition) outside; (w. abl.) beyond, out from; (w. perl.) aside from; (prepos., postpos.) except, absent -- ACHIEVE : <kälp-> find, get, obtain, achieve -- ACHIEVE : <yäm-> achieve, obtain; reach -- ACQUIRE : <täl-> uphold, keep raised; (caus.) raise, lift; acquire -- ACTION : <ṣotri> sign, mark, (manifestation of) action -- ADD : <tsu-> (act.) cohere, adhere; (medp.) adhere, stick, cling, attach oneself; (caus.) make cohere, add to -- ADDITION : <rano> (joins clauses and independent sentences, usu. in second position) also, in addition; even though; (neither...) nor; however -- ADHERE : <tsu-> (act.) cohere, adhere; (medp.) adhere, stick, cling, attach oneself; (caus.) make cohere, add to -- ADJ. : <kartse, krent> (adj.) good, beautiful; (noun) good, welfare -- ADJ. : <po> (indeclinable/declinable adj.) all, every, each, complete; (noun) everything, all -- ADJ. : <postäṃ> (adv.) finally, afterwards; (indecl. adj.) latter -- ADJ. : <ṣe, sana> (numeral adj.) one; same; some; (preposition/adverb) together -- ADVERB : <ṣe, sana> (numeral adj.) one; same; some; (preposition/adverb) together -- ADVERBS : <ka> (emphasizing particle) just; scarcely; already; only; (with adverbs of motion) very -- ADVERSATIVE : <no> (adversative) however, but; (al)though; (connective, in if-clauses) then -- AFAR : <lau> (with verbs of rest) afar; (with verbs of motion) far; very -- AFTERWARDS : <postäṃ> (adv.) finally, afterwards; (indecl. adj.) latter -- AIR : <iprer> sky, air -- AL : <no> (adversative) however, but; (al)though; (connective, in if-clauses) then -- ALL : <po> (indeclinable/declinable adj.) all, every, each, complete; (noun) everything, all -- ALLATIVE : <-ś(c)> (allative case ending) -- ALMS : <pintwāt> alms -- ALREADY : <ka> (emphasizing particle) just; scarcely; already; only; (with adverbs of motion) very -- ALSO : <päst> away, back; (also used with verbs with a perfectivizing force) -- ALSO : <rano> (joins clauses and independent sentences, usu. in second position) also, in addition; even though; (neither...) nor; however -- AMONG : <eneṅka> within, herein, among -- AMONG : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; (noun) interval -- AMONG : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; meanwhile, in the meantime; (noun) interval -- ANY : <ksa> some, any -- APPEAR : <celeññ-> appear -- APPEARANCE : <ere> appearance, color (of complexion) -- APPEARANCE : <weṣ> guise, appearance -- ARISE : <tsäṅk-> rise, raise oneself up; stand up, arise -- ASCETIC : <aśrām> ashram, the abode of an ascetic -- ASHRAM : <aśrām> ashram, the abode of an ascetic -- ASIDE : <parna> (adv., postposition) outside; (w. abl.) beyond, out from; (w. perl.) aside from; (prepos., postpos.) except, absent -- ATTACH : <tsu-> (act.) cohere, adhere; (medp.) adhere, stick, cling, attach oneself; (caus.) make cohere, add to -- AUXILIARY : <nes-> be, exist; (as auxiliary with past ptcple) have -- AWAY : <päst> away, back; (also used with verbs with a perfectivizing force) -- BACK : <päst> away, back; (also used with verbs with a perfectivizing force) -- BEAUTIFUL : <kartse, krent> (adj.) good, beautiful; (noun) good, welfare -- BECAUSE : <mäkte> (comparative) as; (final) so, in order that; (causal) because; (temporal) as, while; (manner) how; (interrogative) how? -- BECOME : <pyutk-> establish, bring into being, create; (intrans.) become ready -- BECOME : <päk-> (medp.) become ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (intrans.); (act.) make ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (trans.) -- BEJEWELED : <naumiyeṣṣe> pertaining to jewels, bejeweled -- BELOW : <ñor> below, beneath, under; down -- BENEATH : <ñor> below, beneath, under; down -- BENEDICTION : <āśirvāt> benediction -- BETWEEN : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; (noun) interval -- BETWEEN : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; meanwhile, in the meantime; (noun) interval -- BEYOND : <parna> (adv., postposition) outside; (w. abl.) beyond, out from; (w. perl.) aside from; (prepos., postpos.) except, absent -- BIG : <orotstse, wrotstse> great, big, large -- BLISS : <maṅkāläṣṣe> pertaining to good luck, bliss, health -- BOIL : <päk-> (medp.) become ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (intrans.); (act.) make ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (trans.) -- BOIL : <sränk-> boil -- BOOK : <śāstär> (sacred) book, shastra -- BOTH : <ṣpä> and (conjoins both clauses and words) -- BOWL : <aise> power?; surplus, excess?; pot, bowl -- BRAHMA : <Bra(h)m-näkte> (the god) Brahma -- BRING : <käl-> lead, bring -- BRING : <pyutk-> establish, bring into being, create; (intrans.) become ready -- BURNING : <pilycalñe> burning, inflammation; pain, torture, mortification; penance -- BUT : <no> (adversative) however, but; (al)though; (connective, in if-clauses) then -- BY : <ysapar(sa)> near by -- BY : <ṣaḍap-ṣalywe-malkwer> (name of a meter of 4 by 18 syllables) -- CAKRA : <cākkär> wheel; cakra, wheel as mystical symbol -- CALLED : <we-> speak, say, tell; (medp.) be called -- CASE : <-ś(c)> (allative case ending) -- CATCH : <läk-> see, look at, catch sight of; visit -- CATCH : <läk-> see; look at; catch sight of; visit -- CAUS. : <käly-, stäm-> (intr.) stand, stay, stand still; last; (caus.) establish, fix (in place) -- CAUS. : <kän-> come to pass (of a wish); be realized; (caus.) fulfill (a wish) -- CAUS. : <lāl-> exert oneself, strive for; (caus.) tire (trans.), subjugate -- CAUS. : <tsu-> (act.) cohere, adhere; (medp.) adhere, stick, cling, attach oneself; (caus.) make cohere, add to -- CAUS. : <täl-> uphold, keep raised; (caus.) raise, lift; acquire -- CAUS. : <yäp-> enter; set (of the sun); (caus.) cause to enter -- CAUSAL : <mäkte> (comparative) as; (final) so, in order that; (causal) because; (temporal) as, while; (manner) how; (interrogative) how? -- CAUSE : <yäp-> enter; set (of the sun); (caus.) cause to enter -- CHARACTERISTIC : <ṣañ> own (reflexive on the topic of the phrase or sentence); (n.) nature, characteristic -- CLAUSES : <nta> (intensifying particle, usu. in negative clauses) -- CLAUSES : <rano> (joins clauses and independent sentences, usu. in second position) also, in addition; even though; (neither...) nor; however -- CLAUSES : <ṣpä> and (conjoins both clauses and words) -- CLING : <tsu-> (act.) cohere, adhere; (medp.) adhere, stick, cling, attach oneself; (caus.) make cohere, add to -- COHERE : <tsu-> (act.) cohere, adhere; (medp.) adhere, stick, cling, attach oneself; (caus.) make cohere, add to -- COLOR : <ere> appearance, color (of complexion) -- COME : <käm-> come -- COME : <kän-> come to pass (of a wish); be realized; (caus.) fulfill (a wish) -- COME : <kārp-> descend, come down, step down -- COMMANDS : <pi> really, indeed (used to emphasize questions and commands) -- COMPARATIVE : <mäkte> (comparative) as; (final) so, in order that; (causal) because; (temporal) as, while; (manner) how; (interrogative) how? -- COMPARE : <rām-> compare -- COMPLETE : <po> (indeclinable/declinable adj.) all, every, each, complete; (noun) everything, all -- COMPLEXION : <ere> appearance, color (of complexion) -- COMPOUND : <yakne> way, manner, custom, habit; (as second member of a compound with a number) -fold -- CONCLUDE : <eṅk-> take, grip, seize; conclude -- CONJ. : <olyapo> (adv.) more; (conj.) rather (than) -- CONJOINS : <ṣpä> and (conjoins both clauses and words) -- CONNECTIVE : <no> (adversative) however, but; (al)though; (connective, in if-clauses) then -- CONSIDER : <pälsk-> think about, consider -- CONSUME : <śu-> eat (at); consume, devour -- COOK : <päk-> (medp.) become ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (intrans.); (act.) make ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (trans.) -- CREATE : <pyutk-> establish, bring into being, create; (intrans.) become ready -- CRYSTAL : <spʰarir> crystal -- CUSTOM : <yakne> way, manner, custom, habit; (as second member of a compound with a number) -fold -- CUT : <kärst-> cut off, cut down, terminate; tear; destroy utterly -- DECLINABLE : <po> (indeclinable/declinable adj.) all, every, each, complete; (noun) everything, all -- DEMAND : <rit-> direct (someone, with obl.); demand (something of someone, with obl. of thing and abl.); (medp.) seek, long for something/someone (with obl.); seek/long (to do something, with infin.) -- DENOTING : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; (noun) interval -- DENOTING : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; meanwhile, in the meantime; (noun) interval -- DENOTING : <svastik> swastika (a symbol denoting good luck) -- DESCEND : <kārp-> descend, come down, step down -- DESIGNATION : <nandikāwart> nandikavarta (designation of a mystic diagram) -- DESIRE : <mañu> desire -- DESTROY : <kärst-> cut off, cut down, terminate; tear; destroy utterly -- DEVOUR : <śu-> eat (at); consume, devour -- DIAGRAM : <nandikāwart> nandikavarta (designation of a mystic diagram) -- DIRECT : <rit-> direct (someone, with obl.); demand (something of someone, with obl. of thing and abl.); (medp.) seek, long for something/someone (with obl.); seek/long (to do something, with infin.) -- DO : <rit-> direct (someone, with obl.); demand (something of someone, with obl. of thing and abl.); (medp.) seek, long for something/someone (with obl.); seek/long (to do something, with infin.) -- DOWN : <kärst-> cut off, cut down, terminate; tear; destroy utterly -- DOWN : <kārp-> descend, come down, step down -- DOWN : <ñor> below, beneath, under; down -- EACH : <po> (indeclinable/declinable adj.) all, every, each, complete; (noun) everything, all -- EARTH : <keṃ> earth, ground -- EAT : <śu-> eat (at); consume, devour -- EATING : <päk-> (medp.) become ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (intrans.); (act.) make ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (trans.) -- EMPHASIZE : <pi> really, indeed (used to emphasize questions and commands) -- EMPHASIZING : <k(ä)> (emphasizing particle) -- EMPHASIZING : <ka> (emphasizing particle) just; scarcely; already; only; (with adverbs of motion) very -- ENCLITIC : <-me> (enclitic pronoun referring to first, second, or thir persons plural) -- ENCLITIC : <-ne> (enclitic oblique third person singular pronoun) -- ENDING : <-meṃ> (ending of the ablative) -- ENDING : <-ś(c)> (allative case ending) -- ENJOY : <wärp-> partake; undergo, suffer, enjoy -- ENTER : <yäp-> enter; set (of the sun); (caus.) cause to enter -- ESTABLISH : <käly-, stäm-> (intr.) stand, stay, stand still; last; (caus.) establish, fix (in place) -- ESTABLISH : <pyutk-> establish, bring into being, create; (intrans.) become ready -- EVEN : <rano> (joins clauses and independent sentences, usu. in second position) also, in addition; even though; (neither...) nor; however -- EVERY : <po> (indeclinable/declinable adj.) all, every, each, complete; (noun) everything, all -- EVERYTHING : <po> (indeclinable/declinable adj.) all, every, each, complete; (noun) everything, all -- EXCELLENT : <śpālmeṃ> superior, excellent -- EXCEPT : <parna> (adv., postposition) outside; (w. abl.) beyond, out from; (w. perl.) aside from; (prepos., postpos.) except, absent -- EXCESS : <aise> power?; surplus, excess?; pot, bowl -- EXCHANGE : <mäsk-> exchange -- EXERT : <lāl-> exert oneself, strive for; (caus.) tire (trans.), subjugate -- EXIST : <nes-> be, exist; (as auxiliary with past ptcple) have -- EXPLAIN : <ṣärp-> explain to, inform; teach; indicate, guide -- FAR : <lau> (with verbs of rest) afar; (with verbs of motion) far; very -- FAT : <tapre> high; fat -- FEW : <totka> few, little, short, small -- FINAL : <mäkte> (comparative) as; (final) so, in order that; (causal) because; (temporal) as, while; (manner) how; (interrogative) how? -- FINALLY : <postäṃ> (adv.) finally, afterwards; (indecl. adj.) latter -- FIND : <kälp-> find, get, obtain, achieve -- FIRST : <-me> (enclitic pronoun referring to first, second, or thir persons plural) -- FIX : <käly-, stäm-> (intr.) stand, stay, stand still; last; (caus.) establish, fix (in place) -- FOLD : <yakne> way, manner, custom, habit; (as second member of a compound with a number) -fold -- FORCE : <päst> away, back; (also used with verbs with a perfectivizing force) -- FOREST : <wartto> forest -- FULFILL : <kän-> come to pass (of a wish); be realized; (caus.) fulfill (a wish) -- FULL : <īte> full -- GET : <kälp-> find, get, obtain, achieve -- GIVE : <ai-> give -- GLAD : <kātk-> rejoice, be glad -- GO : <i-> go, travel -- GO : <lä-n-t-> go out -- GO : <mit-> go; set out (as 'go' it provides preterite plural to i-) -- GOD : <Bra(h)m-näkte> (the god) Brahma -- GOD : <Indre> Indra (proper name of a god) -- GOOD : <kartse, krent> (adj.) good, beautiful; (noun) good, welfare -- GOOD : <maṅkāläṣṣe> pertaining to good luck, bliss, health -- GOOD : <svastik> swastika (a symbol denoting good luck) -- GREAT : <orotstse, wrotstse> great, big, large -- GRIP : <eṅk-> take, grip, seize; conclude -- GROUND : <keṃ> earth, ground -- GRUEL : <oṅkarño, oṅkorño> porridge, rice gruel -- GUIDE : <ṣärp-> explain to, inform; teach; indicate, guide -- GUISE : <weṣ> guise, appearance -- HABIT : <yakne> way, manner, custom, habit; (as second member of a compound with a number) -fold -- HAND : <ṣar> hand -- HAVE : <nes-> be, exist; (as auxiliary with past ptcple) have -- HE : <su, sāu, tu> the; he, she, it -- HEALTH : <maṅkāläṣṣe> pertaining to good luck, bliss, health -- HERE : <tane, tne> here, there -- HEREIN : <eneṅka> within, herein, among -- HIGH : <kauc> high, up, above -- HIGH : <tapre> high; fat -- HONOR : <winā-sk-> honor, worship -- HOUSE : <ost> house -- HOW : <mäkte> (comparative) as; (final) so, in order that; (causal) because; (temporal) as, while; (manner) how; (interrogative) how? -- HOWEVER : <no> (adversative) however, but; (al)though; (connective, in if-clauses) then -- HOWEVER : <rano> (joins clauses and independent sentences, usu. in second position) also, in addition; even though; (neither...) nor; however -- I- : <mit-> go; set out (as 'go' it provides preterite plural to i-) -- IF-CLAUSES : <no> (adversative) however, but; (al)though; (connective, in if-clauses) then -- INDECL. : <postäṃ> (adv.) finally, afterwards; (indecl. adj.) latter -- INDEED : <nai> (intensifying particle) indeed, then, surely -- INDEED : <pi> really, indeed (used to emphasize questions and commands) -- INDEPENDENT : <rano> (joins clauses and independent sentences, usu. in second position) also, in addition; even though; (neither...) nor; however -- INDICATE : <ṣärp-> explain to, inform; teach; indicate, guide -- INDRA : <Indre> Indra (proper name of a god) -- INDRA : <Ylaiñäkte> Indra -- INFLAMMATION : <pilycalñe> burning, inflammation; pain, torture, mortification; penance -- INFORM : <ṣärp-> explain to, inform; teach; indicate, guide -- INSIGHT : <lkālläññe> sight, insight -- INSPIRED : <rṣāke> sage, (inspired) seer -- INTENSIFYING : <nai> (intensifying particle) indeed, then, surely -- INTENSIFYING : <nta> (intensifying particle, usu. in negative clauses) -- INTERROGATIVE : <mäkte> (comparative) as; (final) so, in order that; (causal) because; (temporal) as, while; (manner) how; (interrogative) how? -- INTERVAL : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; (noun) interval -- INTERVAL : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; meanwhile, in the meantime; (noun) interval -- INTO : <pyutk-> establish, bring into being, create; (intrans.) become ready -- INTR. : <käly-, stäm-> (intr.) stand, stay, stand still; last; (caus.) establish, fix (in place) -- IT : <mit-> go; set out (as 'go' it provides preterite plural to i-) -- IT : <su, sāu, tu> the; he, she, it -- JAINIST : <ājivike> a Jainist religious mendicant -- JAINIST : <ājivīke> a Jainist religious mendicant -- JEWELS : <naumiyeṣṣe> pertaining to jewels, bejeweled -- JOINS : <rano> (joins clauses and independent sentences, usu. in second position) also, in addition; even though; (neither...) nor; however -- JUICE : <śūke> taste; sap; liquid, juice -- JUST : <ka> (emphasizing particle) just; scarcely; already; only; (with adverbs of motion) very -- KEEP : <täl-> uphold, keep raised; (caus.) raise, lift; acquire -- KNOW : <kärs-> know, understand, recognize -- LARGE : <orotstse, wrotstse> great, big, large -- LAST : <käly-, stäm-> (intr.) stand, stay, stand still; last; (caus.) establish, fix (in place) -- LATTER : <postäṃ> (adv.) finally, afterwards; (indecl. adj.) latter -- LEAD : <käl-> lead, bring -- LIFT : <täl-> uphold, keep raised; (caus.) raise, lift; acquire -- LIQUID : <mutkāntse> (unit of liquid measure) -- LIQUID : <śūke> taste; sap; liquid, juice -- LITTLE : <totka> few, little, short, small -- LITTLE : <ṣerśka> (little) sister -- LOC. : <maṃtstsaś> (with loc.) under(neath) -- LOCATION : <īke> place, location; position -- LONG : <rit-> direct (someone, with obl.); demand (something of someone, with obl. of thing and abl.); (medp.) seek, long for something/someone (with obl.); seek/long (to do something, with infin.) -- LOOK : <läk-> see, look at, catch sight of; visit -- LOOK : <läk-> see; look at; catch sight of; visit -- LOVE : <ārttalñe> pleasure, love -- LUCK : <maṅkāläṣṣe> pertaining to good luck, bliss, health -- LUCK : <svastik> swastika (a symbol denoting good luck) -- MAKE : <päk-> (medp.) become ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (intrans.); (act.) make ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (trans.) -- MAKE : <tsu-> (act.) cohere, adhere; (medp.) adhere, stick, cling, attach oneself; (caus.) make cohere, add to -- MANIFESTATION : <ṣotri> sign, mark, (manifestation of) action -- MANNER : <mäkte> (comparative) as; (final) so, in order that; (causal) because; (temporal) as, while; (manner) how; (interrogative) how? -- MANNER : <yakne> way, manner, custom, habit; (as second member of a compound with a number) -fold -- MARK : <ṣotri> sign, mark, (manifestation of) action -- ME : <ñaś, wes> I, me; (plural) we -- MEANTIME : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; meanwhile, in the meantime; (noun) interval -- MEANWHILE : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; meanwhile, in the meantime; (noun) interval -- MEASURE : <mutkāntse> (unit of liquid measure) -- MEDP. : <päk-> (medp.) become ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (intrans.); (act.) make ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (trans.) -- MEDP. : <rit-> direct (someone, with obl.); demand (something of someone, with obl. of thing and abl.); (medp.) seek, long for something/someone (with obl.); seek/long (to do something, with infin.) -- MEDP. : <tsu-> (act.) cohere, adhere; (medp.) adhere, stick, cling, attach oneself; (caus.) make cohere, add to -- MEDP. : <we-> speak, say, tell; (medp.) be called -- MEMBER : <yakne> way, manner, custom, habit; (as second member of a compound with a number) -fold -- MENDICANT : <ājivike> a Jainist religious mendicant -- MENDICANT : <ājivīke> a Jainist religious mendicant -- METER : <ṣaḍap-ṣalywe-malkwer> (name of a meter of 4 by 18 syllables) -- MORE : <olyapo> (adv.) more; (conj.) rather (than) -- MORTIFICATION : <pilycalñe> burning, inflammation; pain, torture, mortification; penance -- MOTION : <ka> (emphasizing particle) just; scarcely; already; only; (with adverbs of motion) very -- MOTION : <lau> (with verbs of rest) afar; (with verbs of motion) far; very -- MYSTIC : <nandikāwart> nandikavarta (designation of a mystic diagram) -- MYSTICAL : <cākkär> wheel; cakra, wheel as mystical symbol -- N. : <ṣañ> own (reflexive on the topic of the phrase or sentence); (n.) nature, characteristic -- NAME : <Indre> Indra (proper name of a god) -- NAME : <Nandābala> Nandabala (proper name) -- NAME : <Nānda> Nanda (proper name) -- NAME : <Upage> Upaga (proper name) -- NAME : <upage> Upaga, a proper name -- NAME : <ṣaḍap-ṣalywe-malkwer> (name of a meter of 4 by 18 syllables) -- NANDA : <Nānda> Nanda (proper name) -- NANDABALA : <Nandābala> Nandabala (proper name) -- NANDIKAVARTA : <nandikāwart> nandikavarta (designation of a mystic diagram) -- NATURE : <ṣañ> own (reflexive on the topic of the phrase or sentence); (n.) nature, characteristic -- NEAR : <etsuwai> towards, near to -- NEAR : <ysapar(sa)> near by -- NEATH : <maṃtstsaś> (with loc.) under(neath) -- NEGATION : <mā> (simple negation and prohibition) not, no; (quasi-prefix) un- -- NEGATIVE : <nta> (intensifying particle, usu. in negative clauses) -- NEITHER : <rano> (joins clauses and independent sentences, usu. in second position) also, in addition; even though; (neither...) nor; however -- NO : <mā> (simple negation and prohibition) not, no; (quasi-prefix) un- -- NOR : <rano> (joins clauses and independent sentences, usu. in second position) also, in addition; even though; (neither...) nor; however -- NOT : <mā> (simple negation and prohibition) not, no; (quasi-prefix) un- -- NOUN : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; (noun) interval -- NOUN : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; meanwhile, in the meantime; (noun) interval -- NOUN : <kartse, krent> (adj.) good, beautiful; (noun) good, welfare -- NOUN : <po> (indeclinable/declinable adj.) all, every, each, complete; (noun) everything, all -- NOUNS : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; (noun) interval -- NOUNS : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; meanwhile, in the meantime; (noun) interval -- NUMBER : <yakne> way, manner, custom, habit; (as second member of a compound with a number) -fold -- NUMERAL : <ṣe, sana> (numeral adj.) one; same; some; (preposition/adverb) together -- OBL. : <rit-> direct (someone, with obl.); demand (something of someone, with obl. of thing and abl.); (medp.) seek, long for something/someone (with obl.); seek/long (to do something, with infin.) -- OBLIQUE : <-ne> (enclitic oblique third person singular pronoun) -- OBTAIN : <kälp-> find, get, obtain, achieve -- OBTAIN : <yäm-> achieve, obtain; reach -- OFF : <kärst-> cut off, cut down, terminate; tear; destroy utterly -- ONE : <sam(p), som(p), tam(p)> that (one) -- ONE : <seṃ, sāṃ, teṃ> this (one) -- ONE : <wärpauca> partaker, one who partakes -- ONE : <ṣe, sana> (numeral adj.) one; same; some; (preposition/adverb) together -- ONESELF : <lāl-> exert oneself, strive for; (caus.) tire (trans.), subjugate -- ONESELF : <tsu-> (act.) cohere, adhere; (medp.) adhere, stick, cling, attach oneself; (caus.) make cohere, add to -- ONESELF : <tsäṅk-> rise, raise oneself up; stand up, arise -- ONLY : <ka> (emphasizing particle) just; scarcely; already; only; (with adverbs of motion) very -- ORDER : <mäkte> (comparative) as; (final) so, in order that; (causal) because; (temporal) as, while; (manner) how; (interrogative) how? -- OTHERWISE : <epe> or; otherwise -- OUTSIDE : <parna> (adv., postposition) outside; (w. abl.) beyond, out from; (w. perl.) aside from; (prepos., postpos.) except, absent -- OWN : <ṣañ> own (reflexive on the topic of the phrase or sentence); (n.) nature, characteristic -- PAIN : <pilycalñe> burning, inflammation; pain, torture, mortification; penance -- PARTAKE : <wärp-> partake; undergo, suffer, enjoy -- PARTAKER : <wärpauca> partaker, one who partakes -- PARTAKES : <wärpauca> partaker, one who partakes -- PARTICLE : <k(ä)> (emphasizing particle) -- PARTICLE : <ka> (emphasizing particle) just; scarcely; already; only; (with adverbs of motion) very -- PARTICLE : <nai> (intensifying particle) indeed, then, surely -- PARTICLE : <nta> (intensifying particle, usu. in negative clauses) -- PASS : <kän-> come to pass (of a wish); be realized; (caus.) fulfill (a wish) -- PAST : <nes-> be, exist; (as auxiliary with past ptcple) have -- PENANCE : <pilycalñe> burning, inflammation; pain, torture, mortification; penance -- PERFECTIVIZING : <päst> away, back; (also used with verbs with a perfectivizing force) -- PERIODS : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; (noun) interval -- PERIODS : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; meanwhile, in the meantime; (noun) interval -- PERL. : <parna> (adv., postposition) outside; (w. abl.) beyond, out from; (w. perl.) aside from; (prepos., postpos.) except, absent -- PERSON : <-ne> (enclitic oblique third person singular pronoun) -- PERSONS : <-me> (enclitic pronoun referring to first, second, or thir persons plural) -- PERTAINING : <maṅkāläṣṣe> pertaining to good luck, bliss, health -- PERTAINING : <naumiyeṣṣe> pertaining to jewels, bejeweled -- PERTAINING : <rṣākäññe> pertaining to a rshi -- PHRASE : <ṣañ> own (reflexive on the topic of the phrase or sentence); (n.) nature, characteristic -- PLACE : <käly-, stäm-> (intr.) stand, stay, stand still; last; (caus.) establish, fix (in place) -- PLACE : <īke> place, location; position -- PLEASURE : <ārttalñe> pleasure, love -- PLURAL : <-me> (enclitic pronoun referring to first, second, or thir persons plural) -- PLURAL : <mit-> go; set out (as 'go' it provides preterite plural to i-) -- PLURAL : <ñaś, wes> I, me; (plural) we -- PORRIDGE : <oṅkarño, oṅkorño> porridge, rice gruel -- POSITION : <rano> (joins clauses and independent sentences, usu. in second position) also, in addition; even though; (neither...) nor; however -- POSITION : <īke> place, location; position -- POSTPOS. : <parna> (adv., postposition) outside; (w. abl.) beyond, out from; (w. perl.) aside from; (prepos., postpos.) except, absent -- POSTPOSITION : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; (noun) interval -- POSTPOSITION : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; meanwhile, in the meantime; (noun) interval -- POSTPOSITION : <parna> (adv., postposition) outside; (w. abl.) beyond, out from; (w. perl.) aside from; (prepos., postpos.) except, absent -- POT : <aise> power?; surplus, excess?; pot, bowl -- POT : <bʰājaṃ> vessel, pot -- POUR : <mutk-> strengthen?; pour, spill -- POWER : <aise> power?; surplus, excess?; pot, bowl -- PREPOS. : <parna> (adv., postposition) outside; (w. abl.) beyond, out from; (w. perl.) aside from; (prepos., postpos.) except, absent -- PREPOSITION : <ṣe, sana> (numeral adj.) one; same; some; (preposition/adverb) together -- PRESENT : <ṣäm-, läm-> sit; remain, be present; subside -- PRETERITE : <mit-> go; set out (as 'go' it provides preterite plural to i-) -- PROHIBITION : <mā> (simple negation and prohibition) not, no; (quasi-prefix) un- -- PRONOUN : <-me> (enclitic pronoun referring to first, second, or thir persons plural) -- PRONOUN : <-ne> (enclitic oblique third person singular pronoun) -- PROPER : <Indre> Indra (proper name of a god) -- PROPER : <Nandābala> Nandabala (proper name) -- PROPER : <Nānda> Nanda (proper name) -- PROPER : <Upage> Upaga (proper name) -- PROPER : <upage> Upaga, a proper name -- PROVIDES : <mit-> go; set out (as 'go' it provides preterite plural to i-) -- PTCPLE : <nes-> be, exist; (as auxiliary with past ptcple) have -- QUASI-PREFIX : <mā> (simple negation and prohibition) not, no; (quasi-prefix) un- -- QUESTIONS : <pi> really, indeed (used to emphasize questions and commands) -- RAISE : <tsäṅk-> rise, raise oneself up; stand up, arise -- RAISE : <täl-> uphold, keep raised; (caus.) raise, lift; acquire -- RAISED : <täl-> uphold, keep raised; (caus.) raise, lift; acquire -- RATHER : <olyapo> (adv.) more; (conj.) rather (than) -- REACH : <yäm-> achieve, obtain; reach -- READY : <pyutk-> establish, bring into being, create; (intrans.) become ready -- READY : <päk-> (medp.) become ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (intrans.); (act.) make ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (trans.) -- REALIZED : <kän-> come to pass (of a wish); be realized; (caus.) fulfill (a wish) -- REALLY : <pi> really, indeed (used to emphasize questions and commands) -- RECOGNIZE : <kärs-> know, understand, recognize -- REFERRING : <-me> (enclitic pronoun referring to first, second, or thir persons plural) -- REFLEXIVE : <ṣañ> own (reflexive on the topic of the phrase or sentence); (n.) nature, characteristic -- REJOICE : <kātk-> rejoice, be glad -- RELATED : <eṣerñe> related as sisters -- RELIGIOUS : <ājivike> a Jainist religious mendicant -- RELIGIOUS : <ājivīke> a Jainist religious mendicant -- REMAIN : <ṣäm-, läm-> sit; remain, be present; subside -- REST : <lau> (with verbs of rest) afar; (with verbs of motion) far; very -- RICE : <oṅkarño, oṅkorño> porridge, rice gruel -- RIPEN : <päk-> (medp.) become ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (intrans.); (act.) make ready for eating, cook, boil, ripen (trans.) -- RISE : <tsäṅk-> rise, raise oneself up; stand up, arise -- ROAD : <ytārye> road; way -- RSHI : <rṣākäññe> pertaining to a rshi -- SACRED : <śāstär> (sacred) book, shastra -- SACRIFICE : <dakṣiṇāke> worthy of sacrifice -- SAGE : <rṣāke> sage, (inspired) seer -- SAME : <ṣe, sana> (numeral adj.) one; same; some; (preposition/adverb) together -- SAP : <śūke> taste; sap; liquid, juice -- SAY : <we-> speak, say, tell; (medp.) be called -- SCARCELY : <ka> (emphasizing particle) just; scarcely; already; only; (with adverbs of motion) very -- SECOND : <-me> (enclitic pronoun referring to first, second, or thir persons plural) -- SECOND : <rano> (joins clauses and independent sentences, usu. in second position) also, in addition; even though; (neither...) nor; however -- SECOND : <yakne> way, manner, custom, habit; (as second member of a compound with a number) -fold -- SEE : <läk-> see, look at, catch sight of; visit -- SEE : <läk-> see; look at; catch sight of; visit -- SEEK : <rit-> direct (someone, with obl.); demand (something of someone, with obl. of thing and abl.); (medp.) seek, long for something/someone (with obl.); seek/long (to do something, with infin.) -- SEER : <rṣāke> sage, (inspired) seer -- SEIZE : <eṅk-> take, grip, seize; conclude -- SENTENCE : <ṣañ> own (reflexive on the topic of the phrase or sentence); (n.) nature, characteristic -- SENTENCES : <rano> (joins clauses and independent sentences, usu. in second position) also, in addition; even though; (neither...) nor; however -- SET : <mit-> go; set out (as 'go' it provides preterite plural to i-) -- SET : <yäp-> enter; set (of the sun); (caus.) cause to enter -- SHASTRA : <śāstär> (sacred) book, shastra -- SHE : <su, sāu, tu> the; he, she, it -- SHORT : <totka> few, little, short, small -- SIGHT : <lkālläññe> sight, insight -- SIGHT : <läk-> see, look at, catch sight of; visit -- SIGHT : <läk-> see; look at; catch sight of; visit -- SIGN : <ṣotri> sign, mark, (manifestation of) action -- SIMPLE : <mā> (simple negation and prohibition) not, no; (quasi-prefix) un- -- SINGULAR : <-ne> (enclitic oblique third person singular pronoun) -- SISTER : <ṣerśka> (little) sister -- SISTERS : <eṣerñe> related as sisters -- SIT : <ṣäm-, läm-> sit; remain, be present; subside -- SKY : <iprer> sky, air -- SMALL : <totka> few, little, short, small -- SMELL : <were> smell -- SO : <mant> so; thus -- SO : <mäkte> (comparative) as; (final) so, in order that; (causal) because; (temporal) as, while; (manner) how; (interrogative) how? -- SOME : <ksa> some, any -- SOME : <ṣe, sana> (numeral adj.) one; same; some; (preposition/adverb) together -- SOMEONE : <rit-> direct (someone, with obl.); demand (something of someone, with obl. of thing and abl.); (medp.) seek, long for something/someone (with obl.); seek/long (to do something, with infin.) -- SOMETHING : <rit-> direct (someone, with obl.); demand (something of someone, with obl. of thing and abl.); (medp.) seek, long for something/someone (with obl.); seek/long (to do something, with infin.) -- SPATTER : <pränts-> spatter -- SPEAK : <we-> speak, say, tell; (medp.) be called -- SPILL : <mutk-> strengthen?; pour, spill -- SPLENDID : <peñiyatstse> splendid -- STAND : <käly-, stäm-> (intr.) stand, stay, stand still; last; (caus.) establish, fix (in place) -- STAND : <tsäṅk-> rise, raise oneself up; stand up, arise -- STAY : <käly-, stäm-> (intr.) stand, stay, stand still; last; (caus.) establish, fix (in place) -- STEP : <kārp-> descend, come down, step down -- STICK : <tsu-> (act.) cohere, adhere; (medp.) adhere, stick, cling, attach oneself; (caus.) make cohere, add to -- STILL : <käly-, stäm-> (intr.) stand, stay, stand still; last; (caus.) establish, fix (in place) -- STRANGER : <laukito> stranger -- STRENGTHEN : <mutk-> strengthen?; pour, spill -- STRIVE : <lāl-> exert oneself, strive for; (caus.) tire (trans.), subjugate -- SUBJUGATE : <lāl-> exert oneself, strive for; (caus.) tire (trans.), subjugate -- SUBSIDE : <ṣäm-, läm-> sit; remain, be present; subside -- SUDDENLY : <istak> suddenly -- SUFFER : <wärp-> partake; undergo, suffer, enjoy -- SUN : <yäp-> enter; set (of the sun); (caus.) cause to enter -- SUPERIOR : <śpālmeṃ> superior, excellent -- SURELY : <nai> (intensifying particle) indeed, then, surely -- SURPLUS : <aise> power?; surplus, excess?; pot, bowl -- SWASTIKA : <svastik> swastika (a symbol denoting good luck) -- SYLLABLES : <ṣaḍap-ṣalywe-malkwer> (name of a meter of 4 by 18 syllables) -- SYMBOL : <cākkär> wheel; cakra, wheel as mystical symbol -- SYMBOL : <svastik> swastika (a symbol denoting good luck) -- TAKE : <eṅk-> take, grip, seize; conclude -- TASTE : <śūke> taste; sap; liquid, juice -- TEACH : <ṣärp-> explain to, inform; teach; indicate, guide -- TEAR : <kärst-> cut off, cut down, terminate; tear; destroy utterly -- TELL : <we-> speak, say, tell; (medp.) be called -- TEMPORAL : <mäkte> (comparative) as; (final) so, in order that; (causal) because; (temporal) as, while; (manner) how; (interrogative) how? -- TERMINATE : <kärst-> cut off, cut down, terminate; tear; destroy utterly -- THAN : <olyapo> (adv.) more; (conj.) rather (than) -- THAT : <mäkte> (comparative) as; (final) so, in order that; (causal) because; (temporal) as, while; (manner) how; (interrogative) how? -- THAT : <sam(p), som(p), tam(p)> that (one) -- THEN : <nai> (intensifying particle) indeed, then, surely -- THEN : <no> (adversative) however, but; (al)though; (connective, in if-clauses) then -- THERE : <tane, tne> here, there -- THING : <rit-> direct (someone, with obl.); demand (something of someone, with obl. of thing and abl.); (medp.) seek, long for something/someone (with obl.); seek/long (to do something, with infin.) -- THING : <āketke, āktike> wonderful; (subst.) wonder, wonderful thing -- THINK : <pälsk-> think about, consider -- THIR : <-me> (enclitic pronoun referring to first, second, or thir persons plural) -- THIRD : <-ne> (enclitic oblique third person singular pronoun) -- THIS : <se, sā, te> this -- THIS : <seṃ, sāṃ, teṃ> this (one) -- THOU : <tuwe, yes> thou; you -- THOUGH : <no> (adversative) however, but; (al)though; (connective, in if-clauses) then -- THOUGH : <rano> (joins clauses and independent sentences, usu. in second position) also, in addition; even though; (neither...) nor; however -- THUS : <mant> so; thus -- TIME : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; (noun) interval -- TIME : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; meanwhile, in the meantime; (noun) interval -- TIRE : <lāl-> exert oneself, strive for; (caus.) tire (trans.), subjugate -- TOGETHER : <ṣe, sana> (numeral adj.) one; same; some; (preposition/adverb) together -- TOPIC : <ṣañ> own (reflexive on the topic of the phrase or sentence); (n.) nature, characteristic -- TORTURE : <pilycalñe> burning, inflammation; pain, torture, mortification; penance -- TOWARDS : <etsuwai> towards, near to -- TRAVEL : <i-> go, travel -- TREE : <stām> tree -- UN- : <mā> (simple negation and prohibition) not, no; (quasi-prefix) un- -- UNDER : <maṃtstsaś> (with loc.) under(neath) -- UNDER : <ñor> below, beneath, under; down -- UNDERGO : <wärp-> partake; undergo, suffer, enjoy -- UNDERSTAND : <kärs-> know, understand, recognize -- UNIT : <mutkāntse> (unit of liquid measure) -- UP : <kauc> high, up, above -- UP : <tsäṅk-> rise, raise oneself up; stand up, arise -- UPAGA : <Upage> Upaga (proper name) -- UPAGA : <upage> Upaga, a proper name -- UPHOLD : <täl-> uphold, keep raised; (caus.) raise, lift; acquire -- USED : <pi> really, indeed (used to emphasize questions and commands) -- USED : <päst> away, back; (also used with verbs with a perfectivizing force) -- USU. : <nta> (intensifying particle, usu. in negative clauses) -- USU. : <rano> (joins clauses and independent sentences, usu. in second position) also, in addition; even though; (neither...) nor; however -- UTTERLY : <kärst-> cut off, cut down, terminate; tear; destroy utterly -- VERBS : <lau> (with verbs of rest) afar; (with verbs of motion) far; very -- VERBS : <päst> away, back; (also used with verbs with a perfectivizing force) -- VERY : <ka> (emphasizing particle) just; scarcely; already; only; (with adverbs of motion) very -- VERY : <lau> (with verbs of rest) afar; (with verbs of motion) far; very -- VESSEL : <bʰājaṃ> vessel, pot -- VISIT : <läk-> see, look at, catch sight of; visit -- VISIT : <läk-> see; look at; catch sight of; visit -- W. : <parna> (adv., postposition) outside; (w. abl.) beyond, out from; (w. perl.) aside from; (prepos., postpos.) except, absent -- WAY : <yakne> way, manner, custom, habit; (as second member of a compound with a number) -fold -- WAY : <ytārye> road; way -- WE : <ñaś, wes> I, me; (plural) we -- WELFARE : <kartse, krent> (adj.) good, beautiful; (noun) good, welfare -- WHEEL : <cākkär> wheel; cakra, wheel as mystical symbol -- WHILE : <mäkte> (comparative) as; (final) so, in order that; (causal) because; (temporal) as, while; (manner) how; (interrogative) how? -- WHO : <wärpauca> partaker, one who partakes -- WISDOM : <aiśamñe> wisdom -- WISH : <akālk> wish -- WISH : <kän-> come to pass (of a wish); be realized; (caus.) fulfill (a wish) -- WITHIN : <eneṅka> within, herein, among -- WITHIN : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; (noun) interval -- WITHIN : <epiṅkte> (adv.-postposition) within; between, among; (with nouns denoting periods of time) for; meanwhile, in the meantime; (noun) interval -- WITHOUT : <snai> without -- WONDER : <āketke, āktike> wonderful; (subst.) wonder, wonderful thing -- WONDERFUL : <āketke, āktike> wonderful; (subst.) wonder, wonderful thing -- WORDS : <ṣpä> and (conjoins both clauses and words) -- WORSHIP : <winā-sk-> honor, worship -- WORTHY : <dakṣiṇāke> worthy of sacrifice -- YOU : <tuwe, yes> thou; you --
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