Tocharian Online

Lessons

0. Introduction to Tocharian
1. Exerpt from the Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka
2. Buddhist Puṇyavanta-Jātaka (cont'd)
3. Exerpt from the Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (A255/THT888)
4. Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (cont'd)
5. Maitreyasamiti-nāṭaka (cont'd)
6. Exerpt from The "Last Supper" of the Buddha (B107/THT107)
7. The "Last Supper" of the Buddha (cont'd)
8. The "Last Supper" of the Buddha (cont'd)
9. The "Last Supper" of the Buddha (cont'd)
10. The "Last Supper" of the Buddha (cont'd)
11. Appendix 1: A Clinic on Looking Up Tocharian Words
12. Selected Annotated Bibliography

Grammar Points

• 1. Sounds and Writing.
•     1.1. Writing System.
•     1.2. Phonological System.
•     1.3. Rough Guide to Pronunciation.
•     1.4. Accent.
•     1.5. Palatalization.
• 2. Gender, Number, and Human/Non-Human.
•     2.1. Gender.
•     2.2. Number.
•     2.3. Human versus Non-Human.
• 3. Adjective Overview.
• 4. Overview of the Verbal System.
•     4.1. Person & Number.
•     4.2. Voice.
•     4.3. Mood.
•     4.4. Tense.
•     4.5. Base & Causative.
• 5. Basic Word Order.
• 6. Sandhi.
• 7. Case.
•     7.1. Primary Cases.
• 8. Adjective Structure.
•     8.1. Adjective Endings.
•     8.2. Adjective Classes.
• 9. Present System.
•     9.1. Present Classes.
•     9.2. Present Endings.
•     9.3. Non-Past Reference Paradigms.
• 10. Agglutination.
• 11. Historical Phonology: Vowels.
•     11.1. From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian.
•     11.2. Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian: General Rules.
•     11.3. Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian: Accent and the a-Series.
•     11.4. PIE to PToch: Non-Palatal Vowels.
•     11.5. PIE to PToch: Palatal Vowels.
•     11.6. PIE to PToch: Diphthongs.
•     11.7. Further Considerations: Umlaut.
• 12. Secondary Cases.
•     12.1. Secondary Case Structure.
•     12.2. Full Nominal Reference Paradigm.
•     12.3. Group Inflection.
• 13. Adjective Class I: Thematic Adjectives.
•     13.1. Primary Adjectives.
•     13.2. Derived Adjectives.
• 14. Past System.
•     14.1. Preterite Classes.
•     14.2. Past Endings.
•     14.3. Past Reference Paradigms.
• 15. Coordination.
• 16. Historical Phonology: Consonants.
•     16.1. From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian.
•     16.2. The Dental Series.
•     16.3. The Labiovelars.
•     16.4. Proto-Tocharian to Tocharian.
• 17. Primary Case Endings: Singular.
•     17.1. Nominative.
•     17.2. Vocative.
•     17.3. Oblique.
•     17.4. Genitive.
• 18. Adjective Class II: Athematic *n-Stems.
• 19. Present Thematic Classes.
•     19.1. Present Class II.
•     19.2. Present Classes III & IV.
•     19.3. Present Class VIII.
•     19.4. Present Class IX.
•     19.5. Present Class X.
•     19.6. Present Class XI.
•     19.7. Present Class XII.
• 20. Nominative & Oblique.
•     20.1. The Nominative Case.
•     20.2. The Oblique Case.
• 21. Historical Phonology: Resonants & Laryngeals.
•     21.1. Resonants.
•     21.2. Laryngeals.
• 22. Primary Case Endings: Dual.
•     22.1. Dual Suffix.
•     22.2. Nominative and Oblique.
•     22.3. Genitive.
• 23. Adjective Class III: Athematic *nt-Stems.
• 24. Present Athematic Classes: I, V, VI, VII.
•     24.1. Present Class I.
•     24.2. Present Class V.
•     24.3. Present Class VI.
•     24.4. Present Class VII.
• 25. Genitive.
•     25.1. Basic Uses.
•     25.2. Peculiar Uses.
•     25.3. The Genitive as Dative.
•     25.4. Genitive Absolute.
• 26. Personal Pronouns.
•     26.1. Independent Forms.
•     26.2. Suffixed Forms.
• 27. Primary Case Endings: Plural.
•     27.1. Type (b): Nominative Same as Oblique.
•     27.2. Type (a): Nominative Different from Oblique.
•     27.3. Genitive Plural.
• 28. Adjective Class IV: Athematic *s-Stems, Preterite Participle.
• 29. Subjunctive.
•     29.1. Special Subjunctive Classes: iv, vii.
•     29.2. Varying Subjunctive Classes: i, v.
•     29.3. Identical Subjunctive Classes: ii, iii, vi, ix-xii.
• 30. Instrumental & Causal.
•     30.1. Instrumental.
•     30.2. Causal.
• 31. Demonstrative Pronouns & Adjectives.
• 32. Noun Classes I, II, and III.
• 33. Gerundive.
• 34. Preterite.
•     34.1. Preterite Class I.
•     34.2. Preterite Class II.
•     34.3. Preterite Class III.
•     34.4. Preterite Class IV.
•     34.5. Preterite Class V.
•     34.6. Preterite Class VI.
• 35. Perlative & Locative.
•     35.1. Perlative.
•     35.2. Locative.
• 36. The Pronominal Adjective 'Other'.
• 37. Noun Class IV: r-Stems.
• 38. Present Participles & Agent Nouns.
•     38.1. Present Participle Active.
•     38.2. Present Participle Mediopassive.
•     38.3. Agent Nouns.
• 39. Optative & Imperfect.
•     39.1. i-Optative.
•     39.2. oy-Optative.
•     39.3. Imperfect.
• 40. Comitative, Allative & Ablative.
•     40.1. Comitative.
•     40.2. Allative.
•     40.3. Ablative.
• 41. Interrogative & Relative Pronouns.
• 42. Noun Classes V and VI.
• 43. Privative.
• 44. Imperative.
•     44.1. Classes i-v.
•     44.2. Class vi: Irregular Imperatives.
• 45. Tense and Aspect.
• 46. Indefinite Pronoun.
• 47. Noun Class VII: the Noun A wäl B walo.
• 48. Infinitive.
• 49. Anomalous Verbs.
•     49.1. Suppletive Verbs.
•     49.2. AB yām- 'make, do'.
•     49.3. AB i- 'go'.
•     49.4. A nas- B nes- 'be'.
•     49.5. The Copula.
• 50. Uses of Basic Tenses and Moods.
•     50.1. Tenses.
•     50.2. Moods.