Hittite Online

Hittite: Base Form Dictionary

This Base Form Dictionary index lists, in an alphabetical order suitable to the language and the script employed for it, every unique base form underlying one or more surface (word) forms in lesson texts. For each base form a general meaning (if any) is shown, along with links to every usage, in every numbered lesson, of the associated surface forms. With this index, one may click on any link to perform a quick "usage look-up," and thereby study how surface forms in texts are constructed from base forms.

A new, experimental feature is being introduced to these EIEOL lessons, namely the addition of pointers to Proto-Indo-European roots identified by Julius Pokorny in his monumental work, Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (2 vols. Bern: Franke, 1959-1969; reprinted in 1989). Because Pokorny is becoming increasingly outdated, we may revise these links in the future; however, for the time being, this information might prove interesting to those who are curious about Indo-European etymology. Notice of potential error is always welcome.

<1> one -- <12> twelve -- <2> two -- <20> twenty -- <3> three -- <4> four -- <5> five -- <6> six -- <-a> and -- <-a-> but -- <-a-> him, her, it -- <-a> he, she, it -- <-a-> and -- <-ah-ha-ha-at> (indicating 1st person singular preterite middle) -- <-ah-ha-hu-ut> (indicating 2nd person singular preterite middle) -- <-ahhun> (indicating 1st person singular preterite hi-conjugation) -- <-ahhun> (indicating 1st person singular preterite) -- <-ahta> (indicating 3rd person singular preterite indicative) -- <ammuk> me -- [Pokorny ghe-, gho- :: (enclitic (emphatic?) particle)]   -- <-an> ... -- <-an> him, her, it -- <-an> (indicating accusative singular animate) -- <-an> (functioning here as accusative singular neuter) -- <anissan> previously -- <anku> outright -- <anna-> mother -- <annalli-> old, previous -- <-annas> (indicating 2nd person plural accusative) -- <annaz> previously -- <anniya-> do, work -- <anda> in, into, at -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here]   -- <-an-da> ... -- <anda ar-> stand -- <anda ēs-> be in -- <anda imma> indeed -- <anda tiya> step in -- <anda uwa-> come to -- <andan> in, to -- <andan pēssiya-> throw into the midst -- <antiyant-> adopted son and son-in-law -- <antuwahhas> human being, person -- <-anza> (indicating nominative singular animate participle) -- <-apa> (indicating completed action) -- <apā-> that -- <apiya> then, there -- <appezziyan> later, subsequently -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from]   -- <ar-> arrive -- <arai-> arise, rise, rise up -- [Pokorny 3. er- : or- : r- :: to move, set in motion]   -- <arha> away -- <arha mutāi-> remove -- <arha pēssiya-> throw away -- <arha tarupp> eliminate -- <arha dā-> take away -- <arha tittanu-> depose -- <armahh-> become pregnant -- <armauwant-> pregnant -- <arnu-> bring -- [Pokorny 2. ar-, or er- :: to share, distribute]   -- <arumma> sorely -- <-as> I -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <-as> (indicating dative plural) -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <-as> (indicating nominative singular animate) -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <-as> (indicating nominative singular) -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <-as> (functioning here as genitive singular) -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <-as> (functioning here asgenitive singular) -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <-as> (indicating dative-locative plural) -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <-as> (functioning here as nominative singular animate) -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <-as> he, she, it -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <asandula-> garrison -- <asās-> settle -- <asāwar> fold -- <-asta> (indicating completed action) -- <-asta> (indicating continuing action) -- <-at> (indicating 3rd person singular preterite) -- <-at> he, she, it -- <atta-> father -- [Pokorny ā̆tos, atta :: daddy, mommy (nursery word)]   -- <au-, u-> look, see -- <-az> (indicating ablative singular) -- <-az> ... -- <āk-, akk-> die -- <-ānnas> (indicating genitive singular) -- <-ānni> (indicating dative-locative singular) -- <-ānni> (indicating dative singular) -- <āppa> again -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from]   -- <āppa> back -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from]   -- <āppa hark> hold out in -- <āppa pāi-, āppa piya-> give back -- <āppa dāi-, tiya-> re-establish -- <āppa tiya-> step back -- <āppa tiya-> look after -- <āppa uwa-> come back -- <āppan> after, following -- <āppan tiya-> look after -- <ār-> arrive, reach -- <ārr-> wash -- <ārsa tiya-> remain in waiting -- <āska-> gate, outside -- <āss-> remain -- <āssiyātar> love -- <āssu-> goods, possessions -- <āssu-> good, dear -- <ABI> father -- <ABU> father -- <Amga> Amga -- <Ammuna-> Ammuna -- <AMAR> young animal, calf -- <Anitta-> Anittas -- <ANA> (functioning as graphic indicator of the dative) -- <ANA> (functioning as graphic indicator of the dative-locative) -- <A-NA> (functioning as graphic indicator of the dative) -- <ANŠE.KU.RA> horse -- <ANŠE.KUR.RAMEŠ> chariot fighter -- <ANŠE.MUNUS.AL.LAL> mare -- <ANŠU.KUR.RAHI.A> chariot troops -- <Arimatta-> Arimattas -- <Arsani-> Arsani -- <Arzawa> Arzawa -- <ARAD> slave, serve -- <ARAD> slave, servant, vassal -- <A.ŠÀ> field -- <A.ŠÀ A.GÀR> field and meadow -- <AŠ-RI> place -- <Azzi-> Azzi -- <A.ZU> doctor -- <BAL> make sacrifice -- <BA-ÚS> die -- <BÀD> fortify -- <BE-LÍ-> lord -- <BĒLU> lord, master -- <BI> in -- <DAM> wife, marriage -- <DAM.GÁR> merchant -- <DIDLI.HI.A> (indicating nominative plural) -- <-DIDLI.HI.A> ... -- <DIM> Stormgod -- <DI-NAM> case -- <DINANNA> Inanna -- <DINGIR> god -- <DINGIR.MAH> presiding deity, Mother Goddess -- <DINGIRMEŠ.ARAD> servant of the god -- <DIŠKUR> Stormgod -- <DKASKAL.KUR> river source -- <DLAMMA> Kuruntas -- <DU> Stormgod -- <DUMU> son, child -- <DUMU.DUMU> grandson -- <DUMU.É.GAL> son of the palace -- <DUMU.LUGAL> king's son, prince -- <DUMU.LÚ.U₁₉.LU> human being -- <DUMU.MUNUS> girl, daughter -- <DUMU.NAM.LU.U₁₉.LU> humankind, human beings -- <DUMU.NITA> son -- <DUtassa> Tarhuntassas -- <DU-tassa> Tarhuntassas -- <DUTUŠI> my majesty -- <-e-> they -- <e-> this -- <ehu> come on -- [Pokorny 1. ei- :: to go, exit]   -- <egw> drink -- <enant-> tame? -- <-er> (indicating nominative singular) -- <-er> (functioning here as accusative singular neuter) -- <-esnanun> (indicating 1st person singular preterite) -- <-et> (indicating instrumental singular) -- <-ezzis> (indicating superlative nominative singular animate) -- <ēgw-> drink -- <ēpp-> take, seize -- <ēs-> be -- <ēs-> sit -- [Pokorny ē̆s- :: to sit]   -- <ēshar> blood, bloodshed -- [Pokorny ē̆s-r̥(g), genitive es-n-és :: blood]   -- <ēd-> eat -- <EGIR> back, again -- <EGIR> after -- <EL-LAM> free -- <EMSU> sour -- <EN> lord -- <EN.SISKUR> lord of the ritual -- <ERINMEŠ> army, infantry -- <EZEN> festival -- <EZEN₄> festival, feast -- <É> house -- <É.GAL> palace -- <É.GU₄> cow barn -- <GAD> towel -- <GAL> chief, great -- <GAŠAN> lady -- <GE₆> dark -- <GEME> female slave -- <GEŠTIN> wine -- <GI> reed -- <GIM> when -- <GIŠ> wood, tree -- <GIŠAPIN> plow -- <GIŠDAG> throne -- <GIŠkamisanā-> log, thunderbolt -- <GIŠKIRI₆> orchard -- <GÌR> foot -- <GÍN> shekel -- <GÍR> knife, dagger -- <GU₄> cow -- <GU₄.APIN.LÀL> plow ox -- <GU₄ÁB> heifer -- <GUL> strike -- <GUNNI> hearth -- <GUŠKIN> gold -- <GU.ZA> throne -- <GÙB> left -- <halenzu-> a kind of plant -- <halientū-> palace complex -- <haliyari-> singer -- <halki-> grain, barley -- <halzāi-, haliya-> call out, recite, invite -- <hanna-> decide judicially -- <handāi-> order, arrange, marry -- <hantezziya-> first, oldest -- [Pokorny ant-s :: brow, front, anterior]   -- <har-, hark-> have, hold -- [Pokorny areq- :: to lock, guard, protect]   -- <hark-, harkiya-> disappear, abscond, perish -- <harnink-> destroy -- <harp-> separate -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit]   -- <harsauwar> cultivation -- <hassannā-> family -- <hassānna-> family -- <hassātar-> family -- <hassik-> quench one's thirst -- <hassuwezziya-> become king -- <hatkesnu-> oppress, constrict, arrest -- <hatrāi-> write -- <hazziya-> strike, engrave -- <hāli-> corral -- <hās-, hass-> give birth, beget -- <hād-> dry, dry up -- <hekur> rock sanctuary -- [Pokorny agro-, egro-? :: first, highest; apex, beginning]   -- <hinkan> plague -- [Pokorny 1. ank- :: force; need, necessity]   -- <hulla-> fight, defeat -- <hullanza-> battle -- <huppar> bowl -- <huswant-> alive -- <hu-u-up-par-as> vessel -- <huwāi-> run -- [Pokorny 10. au̯(e)-, au̯ē(i)-, u̯ē- :: to vent, blow]   -- <hūmant-> all, each, every -- <hūnink-> harm, injure -- <hūninkant-> injured -- <hūdāk> at once, immediately -- <Halmasuitt-> deified throne dais -- <Halpasulupi-> Halpasulupis -- <Hassuwa-> Hassuwas -- <Hatti> Hatti -- <Hattusa-> Hattusas -- <Hattusili-> Hattusilis -- <Hautassa-> Hautassas -- <Hauwā-> Hauwas -- <Hāpanuwa> Hapanuwa -- <-HI.A> ... -- <HI.A> ... -- <Huzziya-> Huzziyas -- <Hūlaya> Hulaya river -- <HUL> evil, harm -- <HUR.SAG> mountain -- <-i> (indicating dative singular) -- <immarni-> fertility? -- <-in> (indicating accusative singular animate) -- <-in> ... -- <-inn-> (indicating accusative singular animate) -- <-is> (functioning here as nominative singular animate) -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <-is> (functioning here as nominative plural animate) -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <ishā-> master -- [Pokorny esu-s : su- :: good, able]   -- <ishiūl> treaty -- <ispant-> night -- <ispāi-> be satiated -- [Pokorny 3. sp(h)ē(i)-, spī-, and sphē- : sphə- :: to fatten, prosper, succeed, etc.]   -- <ispiyātar> satiation, abundance -- <istamass-> hear, listen -- <istanāna-> altar table -- <istarna> among -- <istarnink-> take sick, sicken -- <isduwa-> be known -- <idālu> evil, harm -- <idālu-> evil, harm -- <iya-> do, make -- <iya-> go, march -- <iyanniya-> march -- <-iznānni> (indicating dative-locative singular) -- <-iznānni> (indicating dative singular) -- <ī-> go -- <IBILA> male heir -- <Impana-> Impa -- <IM> clay -- <INA> (functioning as graphic indicator of the dative) -- <INA> (functioning as graphic indicator of the dative-locative) -- <INIM> word, matter, affair -- <Istapariya-> Istapariyas -- <IŠTAR> Ishtar -- <IŠTU> (functioning as graphic indicator of the ablative) -- <ÍD> river -- <ÍDSēha-> ... -- <gaena-> male relative by marriage, in-law -- <kalmīsana-> log, thunderbolt -- <kalmus> lituus -- <kammarā-> mist, swarm -- <-kan> ... -- [Pokorny kom :: at, by, cum, with, alongside]   -- <kan> (indicating downward action) -- [Pokorny kom :: at, by, cum, with, alongside]   -- <-kan> (indicating downward motion) -- [Pokorny kom :: at, by, cum, with, alongside]   -- <kanissuwar> recognition, favor -- <kantanna> Kantana -- <kappilāi-> become angry -- <karsi> frankly -- <karū> before, previously -- <katanipū-> linen towel -- <katta> down, downwards -- [Pokorny kom :: at, by, cum, with, alongside]   -- <katta dā-> take, capture -- <kattan haliya-> bow down, prostrate -- <kā-, kī-> this -- [Pokorny k̑o-, k̑e-, with the particle k̑e, k̑(e)i-, k̑(i)i̯o- :: this; here]   -- <kās> behold, look -- <kāsa> behold, lo -- <kāsmissā> kassmissa -- <kāst-> hunger, famine -- <ki-> lie -- <ki-it pa-an-da-la-az> from now on -- <kikkis-> become -- <gimandariya-> spend the winter, overwinter -- <gimmara-> steppe -- <kinun> now -- [Pokorny nū̆- :: now]   -- <kinuna> now -- [Pokorny nū̆- :: now]   -- <kissan> thus, as follows -- <kistant-> hunger, famine -- <kistiyanziya-> be hungry, suffer famine -- <kīs-> become, happen -- <-ku> whether, or -- <kuēn-> kill, strike -- [Pokorny 2. ghen(-ə)- :: to hit, strike, fend]   -- <kuēz> from where -- <kui-> that, which, who -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <kui-> who, what -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <kui- imma kui-> whichever -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <kui- kui-> whoever, whichever, whatever -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <kui kui> whatever -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <kuisa> whoever -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <kuisk-> any/some one/thing -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <kuit> because, since -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <kuit imma kuit> however -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <kuitman> when, while -- <kuitmān> until, while -- <kururiyahh-> make war, revolt -- <kussan> fee, price -- <kuttar> upper arm, shoulder -- <kuwāpi> when, where -- [Pokorny ko-, ke-, fem. kā, kei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <-KA> your -- <KAM> a measure of time -- <KARAŠ> troops, army -- <KA.TAB.ANŠE> donkey -- <KI> earth, world -- <KI.MIN> ditto -- <Kurustama-> Kurustama -- <Kussara-> Kussara -- <-KUNU> your -- <KUR> land, territory -- <KUR.KUR> lands -- <KÙ.BABBAR> silver -- <KÚR> enemy -- <lahlahhiya-> agitation, worry -- <-laza> ... -- <lazziya-> get better -- <lāhha-> military campaign -- <lē> no, not -- <lē kuisk-> no one -- <link-> swear an oath -- [Pokorny 4. leig-, leig̑- :: to tie, bind, ligate]   -- <linganu-> place under oath -- <-lu> (functioning here as accusative singular neuter) -- <luttāi-> window -- <lūlu> prosperity? -- <Lawasa> Lawasa -- <Lawazantiya-> Lawazantiya -- <-LIM> deity -- <LIM> thousand -- <-LI-NI> our -- <Lūiya-> Luvian territory -- <LUGAL> king -- <-LUM> deity -- <LÙMEŠ ME-SE-DI> bodyguard -- <ME-ŠE-DI> body guard -- <SANGA> priest -- <LÚ> man, person -- <ALAM.KAxUD> performer, comedian -- <HATANU> son-in-law -- <kīta-> a cult functionary, reciter? -- <KÚR> enemy -- <LÚMEŠGIŠBANSUR> man of the table -- <MU-DI> husband -- <NÍ-ZU> thief -- <palwatalla-> applauder -- <LÚSÌLA.SU.DU₈.A> cupbearer -- <TE₄-MU> messenger -- <LÚ.U₁₉.LU> person -- <-ma> but, and -- [Pokorny sme, smā̆ :: really, truly (emphatic particle)]   -- <mahhan> as, how, when -- <makkēss> become numerous -- <man> ... -- <maninkuwahh-> draw near, approach -- [Pokorny 4. men- :: to diminish; small]   -- <maninkuwan> nearby, near -- [Pokorny 4. men- :: to diminish; small]   -- <maninkuwant-> short -- [Pokorny 4. men- :: to diminish; small]   -- <manitti-> luxuriance? -- <marmarra-> marshy terrain, swamp? -- <māi-> grow, prosper, ripen -- <mān> if, when -- <mekki> greatly -- [Pokorny meg̑(h)- : meg̑(h)- :: big, much, great, major, mega-]   -- <mēhur> time -- <mēma-, mēmiya-> say, speak -- [Pokorny 3. men- :: to think; mind, spiritual activity]   -- <mēmal> meal -- <mēnahhanda> facing, opposite -- <-mi-> my -- [Pokorny 1. me- :: me (1st pers. sg. oblique pronoun stem)]   -- <mimma-> refuse, reject -- <-miss-> my -- [Pokorny 1. me- :: me (1st pers. sg. oblique pronoun stem)]   -- <-mu> me -- [Pokorny 1. me- :: me (1st pers. sg. oblique pronoun stem)]   -- <ManapaDU> Manapa-Datta -- <Mashuiluwa-> Mashuwiluwas -- <Mashuiluwa-> ... -- <-MA> so, thus -- <MAMĒTU> oath -- <MANA> mina -- <MÁŠ.GAL> he-goat -- <MEQATI> hand-water -- <-MEŠ> ... -- <> one hundred -- <Mirā-> Mira -- <Mirā> city of Mira -- <Mizri-> Egypt -- <Mursili-> Mursilis -- <Muwattalli-> Muwattallis -- <Muwatti-> Muwattis -- <MU> year -- <MUNUS> woman -- <MUNUS KU> sister -- <MUNUS.LUGAL> queen -- <MUNUS.ŠU.GI> old woman, wise woman -- <MUŠ> snake -- <MUuhha-LÚ> Uhhaziti -- <-na-> (indicating accusative singular animate) -- <-na-as> (indicating genitive singular) -- [Pokorny 3. ne-, nō-, plural nē̆s-, nō̆s- :: we]   -- <nahh-> fear, revere -- [Pokorny 2. nā- :: to be afraid, ashamed]   -- <nahsariya-> fear, become afraid -- [Pokorny 2. nā- :: to be afraid, ashamed]   -- <nakki-> heavy, important, steep -- [Pokorny enek̑-, nek̑-, enk̑-, n̥k̑- :: to reach, obtain]   -- <nakkit> in force, by force -- <namma> furthermore, moreover -- <nasma> or -- <natta> not -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <natta kuwappiki> in no way whatsoever -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <nēpis> heaven -- [Pokorny 2. enebh- : nebh-, embh-, m̥bh- :: wet, damp; cloud, nimbus; water]   -- <-ni> (indicating dative singular) -- <-nnas> us -- <nu> and -- [Pokorny nū̆- :: now]   -- <nūwa> still, yet -- [Pokorny nū̆- :: now]   -- <Nahhanta-> Nahhantas -- <NADĀNU> give -- <NAM.RA> captive, colonist -- <Nēsa-> Nesas -- <NI-IŠ DINGIRLIM> oath -- <NIN> sister -- <NINDA.GUR₄> thick bread -- <NINDA.IÀ.E.DÉ.A> sweet oil cake -- <NINDA.SIG> thin bread -- <NIR.GÁL> strength -- <NÍ.TE> soul -- <NU.GÁL> there is not -- <NUMUN> seed, descendant -- <-pa> ... -- <pahhas-> protect -- [Pokorny pā- : pə-, and pā-t- : pə-t- :: to feed, graze, pasture]   -- <palwāi-> applaud -- <pangarit> in large numbers, in force -- <pangariya-> be common -- <pankus> advisory council -- <paprātar> impurity -- <parā> forth -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <parā ēpp-> hold out -- <parā handandātar> divine might, power -- <parā handantēss-> show divine guidance -- <parā iya> prosper? -- <parā pai-/piya-> hand over -- <parā pāi-> give -- <parā pēda-> take away -- <parh-> chase, drive -- <parku-> high -- [Pokorny bhereg̑h-, bherg̑hos- :: high, noble; barrow, mountain]   -- <parkunu-> clean, purify -- [Pokorny bherək̑-, bhrēk̑- :: to shine, glitter]   -- <pars-, parsiya-> break, crumble -- [Pokorny 2c. per-, perə- :: to sell, impart]   -- <parssnāi-> squat -- [Pokorny persnā, persnī̆-, persno- :: heel]   -- <parsdu-> leaf, foliage -- <-pat> ... -- [Pokorny poti-s :: host, husband, lord, master, owner]   -- <pat> himself -- <pāi-> go -- <pāi-, piya-> give -- <pē har-, pē hark-> hold, hold out -- <pēhute-> lead away, take away -- <pēr, parn-> house -- <pēran> beside, in the presence of -- <pēran huwai-> run in front -- <pēran wahnu-> get the upper hand -- <pērunu-> hill fort -- <pēssiya-> throw -- <pēda-> bring, take -- <pēda> place -- [Pokorny poti-s :: host, husband, lord, master, owner]   -- <pittenu-> take away -- <pittiyantili> as a fugitive -- <pittuliya-> anguish -- <purut> mud, soil, earth -- <Palā-> Palaic territory -- <PANI> before, under -- <Pentipsari-> Pentipsaris -- <Pitassa-> Pitassas -- <Pithāna-> Pithanas -- <PÍS.TUR> Mashuiliuwa -- <Puduhepa-> Puduhepa -- <qabū> speak -- <QADU> along with -- <QA-TAM-MA> just so -- <-ri-> (indicating dative-locative singular) -- <-ru> (functioning here as collective) -- <RIKILTU> treaty -- <-RU> ... -- <-sa> (functioning here as nominative plural animate) -- <saktāi-> perform sick maintenance -- <sakuni-> spring -- <sakuniya-> spring -- <sakuwasaran> right -- <salhianti-> growth -- <sallanu-> raise, rear -- <salli-> big, great -- <-san> over -- <-san> (indicating downward motion) -- <sanh-> seek, attempt -- [Pokorny sen-, sene-, sen(e)u-, senə- :: to prepare, work on]   -- <sani-> one, the same -- <sankunni-> priest -- <sankunniya-> serve as priest -- <sapiya-> cleanse, scrub, rub -- <sarā sakuniya-> bubble up -- <sarā dā-> offer, take -- <sarnikzil> restitution -- <sarnink-> make restitution -- <sarra-> break, transgress -- [Pokorny 4. ser- :: to insert, line up, put/bind together]   -- <sardiya-> helper -- <-sas> ... -- <sēli-> grain pile -- <sēr> over, above -- <sēr āk-, sēr akk-> be prepared to die -- <sēr ishuwa-> scatter -- <sēr kuēn-> kill, strike -- <sēr tepauwēss-> become little, become short -- <-si-> him, her it -- <sipānt-> make a libation, sacrifice -- [Pokorny spend- :: to offer a libation]   -- <-sis> his, her, its -- <sius> god -- <siya-> shoot, hurl -- <-smas> they -- <-ssan> (indicating upward motion) -- <-ssan> on, over -- <-sse> he -- <-sse> his -- <-ssett> his -- <-ssi-> he, she, it -- <-ssi> he, she, it -- <-ssi> his, her, its -- <su> and, but -- <suhha-> scatter -- <sullātar-> quarrel -- <sumēs> they -- [Pokorny 1. i̯u- :: you (plural)]   -- <sumēs> you -- [Pokorny 1. i̯u- :: you (plural)]   -- <suwāye-> look -- <ṣabātu> seize, take -- <Sanantarwa-> Sanantarwas -- <Sārawa-> Sarawa -- <SA> of -- <SAG> head -- <SAG.DU> head, human being, worker -- <SAG.UŠ> permanent -- <SÀ> heart, innards -- <SEŠ> brother -- <Siusummin> our god, our Sius -- <SIG₅> good, well -- <SILA₄> lamb -- <SÌR> sing -- <-SU> his -- <ŠA> (functioning as graphic indicator of the genitive) -- <ŠAH> pig -- <ŠANŪ> second -- <ŠÀ> heart, innards -- <ŠEŠ> brother -- <-ŠU> his, her -- <ŠU> hand -- <ŠU-GI> old -- <ŠUKUR> spear -- <ŠUM> name -- <-ŠU-NU> their -- <ṢĀBATU> seize, take -- <-ta> you -- [Pokorny tū̆ :: thou, you]   -- <ta> and -- <taimāi-> other -- <takku> if -- <taks-, takkis-> construct, contrive, use -- [Pokorny tek̑þ- :: to plait]   -- <tamass-> press, oppress -- <tamāi-> other -- <damāi-> other, another -- [Pokorny dā : də-, and dāi- : dəi-, dī̆- :: to share, divide]   -- <taninu-> set in order, fortify -- <-tar> (functioning here as accusative singular neuter) -- <tarh-> conquer, overcome -- <tarhhant- har-, hark-> overcome, conquer -- <tarna-> let loose -- [Pokorny dhereg̑h-, dhr̥g̑h-nā- :: to turn, wind]   -- <tarupp-> be assembled, be united -- [Pokorny 1. tu̯er- : tur-, and tu̯r̥- :: to twirl, turn]   -- <dā-> take -- [Pokorny dō- : də-, also dō-u- : dəu- : du- :: to give, donate]   -- <dāi-, tiya-> place, put -- <dāla-> leave, leave alone -- <tān pēda-> second rank -- <tekkunuss-> show, display -- <tepnusk-> diminish, belittle -- <tē-, tar-> declare, promise -- [Pokorny tor-, toro-s :: loud, distinct, audible]   -- <-ti> (indicating dative singular) -- <tittanu-> appoint, establish -- <tittiya-> establish, settle -- <tiya-> step -- <-tta> you -- <-du-> you -- [Pokorny tū̆ :: thou, you]   -- <tuhhui-> smoke -- <tuhhus-> cut off, separate -- <tuliya-> council -- <tuppi-> tablet -- <tūriyawar> harness -- <Telepenu-> Telepenus -- <-TI> (indicating abstract noun) -- <TI> life -- <TI> (abstract suffix) -- <TUPPI> tablet -- <TUPPU> tablet -- <TÙR> sheepfold -- <TÚL> spring -- <-u-e-et> become -- <-uizznānni> (indicating dative singular) -- <ule-> hide, conceal -- <-un> (indicating accusative singular animate) -- <unatalla-> merchant -- <-un-ni> (indicating dative singular) -- <-us> (indicating accusative plural animate) -- <-us> (indicating nominative singular animate) -- <-us> them -- <uda-> bring -- <utnē-> land, country -- <uttar> affair, matter -- <uwa-, we-> come -- <-uwanzi> (indicating infinitive) -- <uwate-> bring -- <ūk> I -- <UDU> sheep -- <UDU.NITÁ> ram -- <UDU.SÍG.MUNUS> ewe -- <Uhhaziti> Uhhaziti -- <Uhna-> Uhnas -- <Urhi-Tesupa-> Urhi-Teshup -- <UR.BARRA> wolf -- <URRAM SERAM> in the future -- <URU> city -- <URUApāsa-> Apasa -- <-UTTU> (abstract suffix) -- <UTU> Sungod -- <Ù> dream -- <Ù> and -- <ÚR> limb -- <ŪL> not -- <ŪL> no, not -- <-wa> ... -- <wahnu-> turn -- <walh-> attack, strike -- [Pokorny 8. u̯el- :: to steal; to wound, tear, avulse]   -- <wappu-> river bank -- [Pokorny 1. *u̯ep- : u̯ō̆p- : up- :: water]   -- <-war> (indicating continuing action) -- <-war> ... -- <wasta-> sin, err -- <wastul> sin, fault, blame -- <wātar> water -- [Pokorny 9. au̯(e)-, au̯ed-, au̯er- :: to wet, flow, sprinkle; water, river, etc.]   -- <wemiya-> find -- <wete-> build -- [Pokorny 3. u̯edh- :: to tie, bind, attach]   -- <wewakk-> demand -- <wēk-, wekk-> demand, ask -- [Pokorny u̯ek̑- :: to want, wish]   -- <wēllu-> meadow -- <wēsi-> meadow -- <wētt-> year -- <wisūriya-> oppress, stifle -- <wiya-> send -- <-ya> and -- <-YA> my -- <-za> (indicating nominative singular animate) -- <-za> (indicating ablative singular) -- <-za> ... -- <zahhiya-> fight -- <zahhiya-> battle -- <zik> you -- [Pokorny tū̆ :: thou, you]   -- <zilatiya> henceforth, in the future -- <ziladuwa> henceforth, in the future -- <Zarniyāsa-> Zarniyas -- <Zālpuwa-> Zalpuwas -- <ZAG> border, boundary -- <ZA.LAM.GAR> ceremonial tent -- <ZÀ.AH-LI> cress, weed -- <Zizzilippi> Zizzilippi -- <ZÍZ> wheat -- <-ZU> his -- <-ZU> ... --

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