Hittite Online
Table of Contents
Lessons
- Introduction to Hittite
- The Proclamation of Anittas (Old Hittite)
- The Telepenus "Vanishing God" Myth (Anatolian mythology)
- The Proclamation of Telepenus (Old Hittite)
- The Law Code (Old Hittite)
- The Annals of Mursilis (Classical Neo-Hittite)
- The Apology of Hattusilis III (Classical Neo-Hittite)
- The Treaty of Tudhaliya with Kuruntas of Tarhuntassa (Later Neo-Hittite)
- The Plague Prayer of Mursilis II (Neo-Hittite)
- The Ritual of Tunnawi (Middle Hittite)
- The KI.LAM Festival (state festival originating in the Old Kingdom)
Grammar Points
- 1. The Sound System.
- 1.1. Vowels.
- 1.2. Diphthongs.
- 1.3. Stops.
- 1.4. Glides, Nasals, and Liquids.
- 1.5. Fricatives and Affricates.
- 1.6. References on Hittite Phonology.
- 2. The Cuneiform Syllabary.
- 2.1. Spellings for Consonants.
- 2.2. Spellings for Vowels.
- 2.3. Spellings for Consonant Clusters.
- 3. The Use of Sumerian and Akkadian.
- 3.1. Sumerograms.
- 3.2. Phonetic Complements.
- 3.3. Akkadograms and Use of Akkadian.
- 3.4. Determinatives.
- 3.5. Rebus Spellings.
- 4. Active verbs.
- 4.1. Active Endings.
- 4.2. Inflection of the mi- and hi-conjugations.
- 4.3. Paradigms of mi-conjugation verbs.
- 4.4. Paradigms of hi-conjugation verbs.
- 5. Gender and Case.
- 5.1. Noun and Adjective Endings.
- 5.2. Sample A-stem Noun Paradigms.
- 5.3. A-stem Adjectives.
- 6. Basic Word Order.
- 6.1. Form of the Subject.
- 6.2. Order of Elements.
- 7. Use of the Nominative, Accusative, and Ergative.
- 7.1. The Nominative.
- 7.2. The Accusative.
- 7.3. Neo-Hittite Confusion of Animate Nominative and Accusative Endings.
- 7.4. The Ergative.
- 8. U-Stem Adjectives and Nouns.
- 8.1. Paradigms of u-stem adjectives.
- 8.2. Paradigms of u-stem nouns.
- 8.3. Paradigms of au-stem nouns.
- 9. Nominal sentences.
- 10. Adjectives.
- 10.1. Attributive adjectives.
- 10.2. Adjectives used as predicate nominatives..
- 11. Enclitics.
- 11.1. Sentence particles and enclitics.
- 12. Personal Pronouns.
- 13. The Middle Voice.
- 13.1. Middle Endings.
- 13.2. Middle Paradigms.
- 14. Uses of the Middle.
- 15. The Genitive.
- 15.1. Use of Akkadian to indicate possession.
- 15.2. Partitive apposition.
- 15.3. Predicative genitives.
- 15.4. Genitive of material.
- 15.5. Partitive genitive.
- 15.6. Nominal genitives.
- 16. Demonstrative Pronouns.
- 17. The Enclitic String.
- 17.1. Enclitic combinations.
- 17.2. Before -za.
- 17.3. Pronoun slot.
- 18. Enclitic possessive pronouns.
- 18.1. Sound Changes Accompanying Enclitic Possessives.
- 19. The Dative-Locative.
- 19.1. Indirect Objects.
- 19.2. Dative of Goal.
- 19.3. Possessive Dative.
- 19.4. The Dative with Adjectives.
- 19.5. The Ethical Dative.
- 19.6. Dative with Comparatives.
- 20. I-Stem Adjectives and Nouns.
- 21. Iya-stem Adjectives and Nouns.
- 22. r/n-stem nouns.
- 22.1. Complex Suffixes.
- 22.2. Pēr, parn- 'house'.
- 23. The Locative.
- 23.1. Abstract locative.
- 23.2. Action in time.
- 24. The Imperative.
- 24.1. Third person imperative.
- 24.2. Voluntive.
- 24.3. Negative adverb lē.
- 24.4. Archaic forms of "come, go".
- 25. The quotative particle.
- 26. The Ablative..
- 26.1. Motion away.
- 26.2. Without verbs of motion.
- 26.3. Consequence.
- 26.4. Akkadian IŠTU.
- 26.5. Postpositions.
- 26.6. Spatial relations.
- 26.7. With parkui-.
- 27. nt-stem Adjectives and Nouns.
- 28. Derived Verbs.
- 28.1. Causatives in -nu-.
- 28.2. Factitive verbs in -ahh-.
- 28.3. Mi-conjugation verbs in -ēss-.
- 28.4. Variable meaning.
- 29. The participle.
- 29.1. Verbal adjective.
- 29.2. Transitive verbs.
- 29.3. Intransitive verbs.
- 29.4. Other uses of participles..
- 30. Conditional and Comparative Clauses.
- 30.1. Conditional Clauses.
- 30.2. Comparative Clauses.
- 31. The Instrumental.
- 31.1. Causation.
- 31.2. Containment.
- 31.3. Verbs meaning "fill".
- 31.4. Call by name.
- 31.5. Adverbs.
- 31.6. Ablative.
- 32. T-Stem Nouns.
- 33. Adverbial Temporal Clauses.
- 33.1. Adverbial Clauses with mān 'when'.
- 33.2. Adverbial Clauses with māhhan 'when'.
- 33.3. Adverbial Clauses with kuwāpi 'when'.
- 33.4. Adverbial Clauses with kuitman 'while, until'.
- 34. The emphasizing particle -pat.
- 34.1. Previous mention.
- 34.2. Reflexive, etc..
- 34.3. Clauses.
- 35. Coordinating Conjunctions.
- 35.1. Nu.
- 35.2. namma 'when'.
- 35.3. nasma and nassu 'or'.
- 36. R-, L- and N-stem nouns.
- 37. The Allative.
- 38. Relative and Indefinite Pronouns and Clauses.
- 38.1. Definite and Indefinite Relative Clauses.
- 38.2. Non-restrictive Relative Clauses.
- 38.3. Relative Adverbs.
- 38.4. Emphasis.
- 38.5. Indefinite Pronouns.
- 39. The Uses of har-, hark-.
- 39.1. Basic meaning.
- 39.2. Use with Adjectives, Particples, and Locatives.
- 39.3. The Perfect.
- 40. The Reflexive Particle.
- 41. Iteratives.
- 41.1. Habitual activity.
- 41.2. Extensive action.
- 41.3. Repeated action.
- 41.4. Inhibitive sense.
- 41.5. The supine.
- 41b. Questions.
- 41b.1. Yes/No and Rhetorical Questions.
- 42. Questions with Interrogative Pronouns, Adjectives, and Adverbs.
- 43. Infinitives.
- 43.1. Purpose or goal.
- 43.2. Infinitive as object.
- 43.3. Infinitive with object.
- 43.4. Adverbial infinitives.
- 44. N-stem and S-stem Nouns.
- 44.1. N-stems.
- 44.2. S-stems.
- 45. Postpositions.
- 45.1. Frozen case forms.
- 45.2. With enclitic pronouns.
- 46. Negatives.
- 46.1. Emphatic negative.
- 46.2. General particle natta.
- 46.3. Indefinite pronouns and adverbs.
- 46.4. Negative adverb nāwi.
- 46.5. Adverb nūmān.
- 47. Local Adverbs and Preverbs.
- 47.1. Compound Verbs.
- 47.2. Separation of Preverb and Verb.
- 48. Sentence Particles.
- 48.1. Examples of asta.
- 48.2. Examples of -ssan.
- 48.3. The Particle -kan.
- 49. Enclitic Conjunctions.
- 49.1. Adversative -a-.
- 49.2. -ma-.
- 49.3. Conjunctive -a-, -ya- 'and'.
- 49.4. The Akkadogram Ù.
- 49.5. Omitted Conjunctions.
- 50. The Modal Particle man.
- 50.1. Use in contrary-to-fact clauses.
- 50.2. Use With the Present-Future.
- 50.3. Use in Wishes.
