Indo-European Lexicon
Middle Low German Reflex Index
Below we list 268 unique Middle Low German reflex spellings (words and affixes) in an alphabetic order suitable for the language family. Every spelling is linked to one or more pages, each showing a Proto-Indo-European etymon from which the reflex is derived along with other reflexes (in Old Irish or other languages) derived from the same PIE etymon. A multi-morpheme reflex may, like English werewolf, be derived from multiple PIE etyma; or a single spelling may, like English bear or lie, represent multiple reflexes derived from different PIE etyma.
Use the search bar to filter the reflexes displayed.
Search: (tips for searching)Reflex | Etyma |
---|---|
achte | agh- |
alf | albho- |
ander | 2. an- |
angest | ang̑h- |
an | 4. an- |
balde | 3. bhel- |
bale | 3. bhel- |
balke | 5. bhel- |
bal | 3. bhel- |
barc | 3. bher- |
bard | bhardhā |
barm | 2. bher- |
baten | bhā̆d- |
bate | bhā̆d- |
be-hōf | kap- |
bere | 1. bhā- |
berme | 1. bherem- |
berm | 2. bher- |
bete | bheid- |
bet | bheid- |
bīten | bheid- |
bitte | bheid- |
bit | bheid- |
blādere | 3. bhel- |
blāsen | 3. bhel- |
blāw | bhlē-u̯o-s |
blā | bhlē-u̯o-s |
black | bheleg- |
blaken | bheleg- |
blank | bheleg- |
blarren | bhlē- |
blas | bhles- |
blat | 4. bhel- |
blauwe | bhlē-u̯o-s |
blēk | bheleg- |
bleine | 2. bhlei- |
blenden | bhlendh- |
bleten | bhlē- |
blōme | 4. bhel- |
blōt | 2. bhlēu- |
blöt | 4. bhel- |
bloot | 2. bhlēu- |
bloschen | bhleu-(k-) |
blosem | 4. bhel- |
blosen | bhleu-(k-) |
blossem | 4. bhel- |
blüsteren | bhleu- |
blus | bhleu-(k-) |
bōchsprēt | bhāg̑hú-s , 2. (s)p(h)er- |
bōch | bhāg̑hú-s |
bōde | bheu- |
bōm | bheu- |
bōt | bheid- |
boge | 3. bheug- |
bolde | 3. bhel- |
bolten | bheld- |
bolte | bheld- |
bone | bhabhā |
borch | bhereg̑h- |
borke | 2. bhreg̑- |
borne | bh(e)reu- |
born | bh(e)reu- |
bort | bheredh- |
bor | 3. bher- |
brādem | 2. bher- |
brak | 1. bhreg̑- |
brannewīn | bh(e)reu- |
brant | bh(e)reu- |
bregen | mregh-m(n)o- |
bret | bheredh- |
brink | bhren- |
brōien | bh(e)reu- |
brōt | bh(e)reu- |
broc | 1. bhreg̑- |
broke | 1. bhreg̑- |
bǖle | 2. b(e)u- |
būch | bhāg̑hú-s |
būgen | 3. bheug- |
būr | bheu- |
bulle | 3. bhel- |
but | 1. bhā̆u- |
degel | dheig̑h- |
deger | dheig̑h- |
dele | 2. tel- |
dīen | dhē(i)- |
diger | dheig̑h- |
dōf | 4. dheu- |
drane | 3. dher- |
dronen | 3. dher- |
drone | 3. dher- |
dwarch | dhu̯ergh- |
dwark | dhu̯ergh- |
dwerch | dhu̯ergh- |
dwer | terk- |
ēgelen | aigu̯h- |
ēke | 2. aig- |
e̐chelen | aigu̯h- |
egelen | agh- |
eichelen | aigu̯h- |
eig | ō(u̯)i̯-om |
ei | ō(u̯)i̯-om |
engen | ang̑h- |
fimmelen | pei-m(i)- |
fimmeren | pei-m(i)- |
gadderen | ghedh- |
gaden | ghedh- |
gaderen | ghedh- |
gader | ghedh- |
galle | 1. gel- |
galt | 2. g̑hel- |
gat | ghed- |
gebūr | bheu- |
gelve | ghel- |
gevel | ghebh-el- |
gīlen | ghoilo-s |
gorde | g̑herdh- |
grint | ghren- |
grōien | ghrē- |
hacken | keg- |
harst | kars- |
hast | k̑ēi-bh- |
hōken | kag̑o- |
hol | kau-l- |
hulse | 4. k̑el- |
hump | (s)kamb- |
īs | 2. ei-s- |
ieht | u̯ek-ti- |
iet | u̯ek-ti- |
iewet | u̯ek-ti- |
iht | u̯ek-ti- |
jene | eno- |
kalk | kaghlo- |
kluwen | keleu- |
knīf | gen- |
knorre | gen- |
knubbe | gen- |
knutten | gen- |
kopp | gēu- |
külde | 3. gel(ə)- |
lesen | les- |
līk | 4. leig- |
māt | mad- |
mēgen | 2. am- |
mēwe | 1. mū̆- |
meien | 2. am- |
meigen | 2. am- |
mīgen | meig̑h- |
mire | moru̯ī̆- |
note | 1. ken- |
not | 1. ken- |
ōver | āpero- |
or-āte | ed- |
or-ēte | ed- |
ort | ed- |
ostene | au̯es- |
osten | au̯es- |
oven | auqu̯(h)- |
pīl | 1. peis-? |
pile | pi-lo- |
pint | bend- |
prām | 2a. per- |
quēse | gu̯eid(h)- |
queden | 3. gu̯ei̯- |
quist | gu̯ei̯ə- |
raven | 1. ker- |
rave | 1. ker- |
rekenen | 2. rē̆k- |
ribbesper | 2. rebh- |
ribbe | 2. rebh- |
risten | 1. rei- |
rōke | 1. ker- |
rōk | 1. ker- |
rōme | reugh-m(e)n- |
rōm | reugh-m(e)n- |
roge | 2. krek- |
sakken | sengu̯- |
salve | selp- |
sane | 1. seu- |
sap | sap- |
schaven | 2. (s)kē̆p- |
schelle | 1. (s)kel- |
scheren | 4. (s)ker- |
schōle | 1. (s)kel- |
schōve | 2. (s)kē̆p- |
sē | sāi- |
shiten | skē̆i- |
sinken | sengu̯- |
sipen | seip- |
slagge | slak- |
slecht | 3. lei- |
slec | leig̑h- |
slicken | leig̑h- |
slippen | 3. lei- |
slipper | 3. lei- |
slorpen | srebh- |
slūpen | sleub(h)- |
smucken | 2. meug- |
smuck | 2. meug- |
snore | snusós |
snorren | pneu- |
sōr | saus- |
somer | 3. sem- |
spalden | 1. (s)p(h)el- |
speck | 3. sp(h)ē(i)- |
spelderen | 1. (s)p(h)el- |
splente | (s)plei- |
splinte | (s)plei- |
spolden | 1. (s)p(h)el- |
sprēt | 2. (s)p(h)er- |
spring | sperg̑h- |
stake | 2. (s)teg- |
stēde | stā- |
stekel | (s)teig- |
sterne | 2. stē̆r- |
stickel | (s)teig- |
stōd | stā- |
stōp | (s)teig- |
stōt | stā- |
stōwen | stā- |
stouwen | stā- |
stove | 4. dheu- |
stūwen | stā- |
sūke-dage | ā̆g̑her- |
swāren | 1. u̯er- |
swēre | 1. u̯er- |
swengen | su̯eng- |
swingen | su̯eng- |
tam | demə- |
tēn | du̯ō(u) |
tegede | dek̑m̥ |
teke | deig̑h- |
telt | 3. del- |
temmen | demə- |
terren | 4. der- |
tīen | dhē(i)- |
tīke | digh- |
tind | ed- |
tinne | ed- |
trade | 3. der- |
trampen | 3. der- |
trappe | 3. der- |
treden | 3. der- |
trūwe | deru- |
twīvel | du̯ō(u) |
vīren | 2a. per- |
vīsel | 1. peis-? |
vlō | blou- |
vloe | blou- |
vorchte | 2. perg- |
*vordeck | 1. (s)teg- |
vordecken | 1. (s)teg- |
vore | 3. perk̑- |
vrecht | ēik- |
vrō | 2a. per- |
vrochte | 2. perg- |
vruchte | 2. perg- |
wachten | u̯eg̑- |
water | 9. au̯(e)- |
wēl | 1. ku̯el- |
weddersinnes | sent- |
weien | 10. au̯(e)- |
wene | u̯en- |
wiggelen | u̯eg̑h- |
wimmel | u̯eip- |
Wōdan | 1. u̯āt- |
wolde | 4. u̯el- |
wone | 1. eu- |
wriggeln | 3. u̯er- |