Indo-European Lexicon
Spanish Reflex Index
Below we list 485 unique Spanish reflex spellings (words and affixes) in an alphabetic order suitable for the language family. Every spelling is linked to one or more pages, each showing a Proto-Indo-European etymon from which the reflex is derived along with other reflexes (in Old Irish or other languages) derived from the same PIE etymon. A multi-morpheme reflex may, like English werewolf, be derived from multiple PIE etyma; or a single spelling may, like English bear or lie, represent multiple reflexes derived from different PIE etyma.
Use the search bar to filter the reflexes displayed.
Search: (tips for searching)| Reflex | Etyma |
|---|---|
| átomo | 1. tem- |
| á | 1. ad- |
| abrasar | bh(e)reu- |
| afición | 2. dhē- |
| aficionar | 2. dhē- |
| agosto | au̯eg- |
| agua | aku̯ā- |
| ala | ag̑- |
| albada | albho- |
| albo | albho- |
| alesna | ēlā |
| allá | 1. al- |
| alrededor | 3. ter- |
| amigo | am(m)a |
| amplificar | 1. am- |
| anta | anətā |
| antes | ant-s |
| aplicar | plek̑- |
| apprendiz | ghend- |
| apreciar | 2c. per- |
| aprehender | ghend- |
| aprobar | 2a. per- |
| apto | 1. ap- |
| aquí | ghe- |
| arbol | er(ə)d- |
| arca | areq- |
| archipielago | 1. plā-k- |
| arco | arqu- |
| arctico | ŕ̥k̑þo-s |
| ardor | ā̆s- |
| arismética | 1. ar- |
| aritmética | 1. ar- |
| armada | 1. ar- |
| armadillo | 1. ar- |
| armado | 1. ar- |
| armadura | 1. ar- |
| armar | 1. ar- |
| armas | 1. ar- |
| armisticio | stā- |
| arquero | arqu- |
| arrear | reidh- |
| arrestar | stā- |
| arteria | 1. u̯er- |
| artesano | 1. ar- |
| arte | 1. ar- |
| artículo | 1. ar- |
| artillería | 1. ap- |
| asalto | 4. sel- |
| asayo | ag̑- |
| asistir | stā- |
| asno | ers- |
| asonancia | su̯en- |
| asortir | 4. ser- |
| atacar | 2. (s)teg- |
| ateismo | dhēs- |
| atender | 1. ten- |
| atenuar | 1. ten- |
| atestar | trei- |
| atmósfera | 1. u̯āt- |
| audiencia | 8. au̯- |
| augusto | au̯eg- |
| aunque | oi-no- |
| auténtico | sen- |
| autor | au̯eg- |
| aya | au̯o-s |
| baile | 2. gu̯el- |
| balada | 2. gu̯el- |
| balanca | du̯ō(u) |
| balanza | du̯ō(u) |
| bala | 3. bhel- |
| balon | 3. bhel- |
| balota | 3. bhel- |
| banca | bheg- |
| banco | bheg- |
| banda | bhendh- |
| bandera | 1. bhā- |
| banderilla | 1. bhā- |
| banderola | 1. bhā- |
| bandolera | 1. bhā- |
| bando | 2. bhā- |
| banquete | bheg- |
| barba | bhardhā |
| barra | 3. bher- |
| batador | bhāt- |
| batel | bheid- |
| batidor | bhāt- |
| batir | bhāt- |
| bayo | badi̯os |
| beber | 2. pō(i)- |
| bedel | bheudh- |
| bibaro | 5. bher- |
| bisel | du̯ō(u) |
| bitas | bheid- |
| blanco | bheleg- |
| blandir | bh(e)reu- |
| blao | bhlē-u̯o-s |
| blondo | bhlendh- |
| bocacha | 2. b(e)u- |
| boca | 2. b(e)u- |
| bodega | 2. dhē- |
| bola | 2. b(e)u- |
| bonanza | 2. deu- |
| bonito | 2. deu- |
| bordadura | bheredh- |
| bordar | bheredh- |
| bordo | bheredh- |
| bracero | mreg̑hu- |
| brasa | bh(e)reu- |
| brasero | bh(e)reu- |
| brazo | mreg̑hu- |
| breve | mreg̑hu- |
| brio | 2. gu̯er- |
| buey | gu̯ou- |
| bullir | 2. b(e)u- |
| burgo | bhereg̑h- |
| cáscara | ku̯ēt- |
| cabello | kap-ut |
| cabo | kap-ut |
| cabra | kapro- |
| cabrilla | kapro- |
| caca | kakka- |
| caer | 1. k̑ad- |
| calcar | 4. (s)kel- |
| calcetín | 4. (s)kel- |
| calentar | 1. k̑el- |
| calentura | 1. k̑el- |
| calle | kalni- |
| cambio | (s)kamb- |
| camisa | 3. k̑em- |
| campeón | kam-p- |
| candela | kand- |
| cantar | kan- |
| capítulo | kap-ut |
| caramelo | k̑oləmo-s |
| caranga | 3. kar- |
| cargo | 2. k̑ers- |
| caritad | kā- |
| carola | au-lo-s |
| caro | kā- |
| cascar | ku̯ēt- |
| casco | ku̯ēt- |
| castigar | k̑es- |
| casto | k̑es- |
| casuista | 1. k̑ad- |
| caudillo | kap-ut |
| cayo | kagh- |
| cazar | kap- |
| cerca | 3. (s)ker- |
| cielo | (s)kāi- |
| cincah | 1. kenk- |
| ciudád | 1. k̑ei- |
| claro | 6. kel- |
| claustro | klēu- |
| cocina | peku̯- |
| color | 4. k̑el- |
| comandar | mə-r |
| comando | mə-r |
| como | ku̯o- |
| compadre | pətḗ(r) |
| comunicar | 2. mei- |
| consejo | 3. sel- |
| contra | kom |
| con | kom |
| corbina | 1. ker- |
| corcho | perku̯u-s |
| corral | 2. k̑ers- |
| corrida | 2. k̑ers- |
| corvino | 1. ker- |
| costar | stā- |
| costa | kost- |
| cotidiano | ku̯o- |
| creer | k̑ered- |
| criollo | 2. k̑er- |
| cuando | ku̯o- |
| cuarterón | ku̯etu̯er- |
| cuarto | ku̯etu̯er- |
| cuba | gēu- |
| cuesta | kost- |
| cumplimiento | 1. pel- |
| cumplir | 1. pel- |
| debajo | bed- |
| debilidad | 2. bel- |
| delante | ant-s |
| deleitable | 1. lēk- |
| desde | eg̑hs |
| desembocar | 2. b(e)u- |
| después | apo- |
| de | de- |
| dicho | deik̑- |
| dieta | 3. ai- |
| diez | dek̑m̥ |
| dobla | du̯ō(u) |
| doblón | du̯ō(u) |
| donde | ku̯o- |
| don | dem- |
| dragón | derk̑- |
| dúnas | 4. dheu- |
| durante | 3. deu- |
| elidir | laidh- |
| el | 1. al- |
| embocar | 2. b(e)u- |
| encima | 1. k̑eu- |
| enigma | 5. ai- |
| ensayo | ag̑- |
| entero | tag- |
| entre | 1. en |
| en | 1. en |
| eres | es- |
| escaldar | 1. k̑el- |
| escarlata | 1. seku̯- |
| esclavo | 1. k̑leu- |
| esclusa | klēu- |
| escritura | 4. (s)ker- |
| escuadra | ku̯etu̯er- |
| escuadrilla | ku̯etu̯er- |
| escudo | skē̆i- |
| escuela | seg̑h- |
| escuerzo | 4. (s)ker- |
| espacio | 3. sp(h)ē(i)- |
| espada | sp(h)ē- |
| esparto | 3. sper- |
| especia | spek̑- |
| esperar | 3. sp(h)ē(i)- |
| espina | 1. (s)p(h)ē̆i- |
| esposo | spend- |
| espuma | (s)poimno- |
| esquardar | 8. u̯er- |
| estado | stā- |
| estampa | steb(h)- |
| estampida | steb(h)- |
| estancar | stā- |
| estandarte | 3. kar- |
| este | au̯es- |
| estibador | stē̆ib(h)- |
| estibar | stē̆ib(h)- |
| estomago | stomen- |
| estraño | eg̑hs |
| estudiar | 1. (s)teu- |
| es | es- |
| excepto | kap- |
| exilio | 3. ā̆l- |
| faena | 2. dhē- |
| faja | bhasko- |
| familia | 2. dhē- |
| fiebre | dhegu̯h- |
| fiel | 1. bheidh- |
| fiesta | dhēs- |
| filibustero | prāi- |
| finca | dhēigu̯- |
| fisga | dhēigu̯- |
| flamenco | bheleg- |
| flota | pleu- |
| flotilla | pleu- |
| frente | 1. bhrū- |
| frio | srīg- |
| frito | 6. bher- |
| fué | bheu- |
| fuego | bhok- |
| fuera | dhu̯ē̆r- |
| fuerte | bhereg̑h- |
| fuerza | bhereg̑h- |
| fuí | bheu- |
| fuiste | bheu- |
| gabela | ghabh- |
| galla | 1. gel- |
| goda | 1. g̑heu- |
| godo | 1. g̑heu- |
| grama | gras- |
| greña | 3. gher- |
| gruñón | gru- |
| guerrilla | u̯ers- |
| gusto | g̑eus- |
| haba | bhabhā |
| haber | ghabh- |
| hablar | 2. bhā- |
| hacer | 2. dhē- |
| hacha | kā̆pho- |
| hacienda | 2. dhē- |
| halcón | 6. pel- |
| hambre | 3. dhē- |
| harina | bhares- |
| hecho | 2. dhē- |
| hender | bheid- |
| heno | dhē(i)- |
| hervor | 2. bher- |
| hija | dhē(i)- |
| hijo | dhē(i)- |
| hilo | gu̯heiə- |
| hoja | 4. bhel- |
| hola | alā |
| hombre | g̑hðem- |
| horma | 2. mer- |
| hormiga | moru̯ī̆- |
| hornito | gu̯her- |
| horno | gu̯her- |
| hoy | ghe- |
| huerco | areq- |
| huevo | ō(u̯)i̯-om |
| huir | 1. bheug- |
| humo | 4. dheu- |
| hurón | 1. bher- |
| incomunicado | 2. mei- |
| incomunicar | 2. mei- |
| inepto | 1. ap- |
| intransigente | ag̑- |
| jaque | kþē(i)- |
| junta | 2. i̯eu- |
| junto | 2. i̯eu- |
| kargar | 2. k̑ers- |
| lado | 2. stel- |
| lagarto | 2. lek- |
| la | 1. al- |
| leche | glag- |
| lecho | legh- |
| legumbre | leg̑- |
| lesion | laidh- |
| lesna | ēlā |
| letal | ol-(e-) |
| ley | legh- |
| ligar | 4. leig- |
| llaga | 2. plāk- |
| llama | bheleg- |
| llave | klēu- |
| lleno | 1. pel- |
| llover | pleu- |
| loar | 3. lēu- |
| lobo | u̯l̥ku̯os |
| lugar | 3. stel- |
| mārmol | 5. mer- |
| mañana | 2. mā- |
| mandarina | mə-r |
| mandarin | mə-r |
| mas | meg̑(h)- |
| médico | 1. med- |
| merlon | ames- |
| mesa | 3. mē- |
| mesta | mei-k̑- |
| mesteño | mei-k̑- |
| mestengo | mei-k̑- |
| mestizo | mei-k̑- |
| monte | 1. men- |
| morir | 4. mer- |
| mosca | 2. mū- |
| mosquito | 2. mū- |
| muda | 2. mei- |
| negar | 1. nĕ |
| negro | neku̯-(t-) |
| nervio | snēu- |
| ni | 1. nĕ |
| noche | neku̯-(t-) |
| novillada | neu̯os |
| novillero | neu̯os |
| nueve | e-neu̯en |
| nuevo | neu̯os |
| nutria | 9. au̯(e)- |
| obedecer | 8. au̯- |
| obispo | spek̑- |
| obrero | 1. op- |
| ocho | ok̑tō(u) |
| oda | 6. au̯- |
| oir | 8. au̯- |
| ojo | oku̯- |
| olla | auqu̯(h)- |
| ombre | g̑hðem- |
| oreja | 2. ōus- |
| oro | au̯es- |
| ostra | ost(h)- |
| otro | 2. an- |
| o | 4. au- |
| padre | pətḗ(r) |
| pagano | pā̆k̑- |
| pagar | pā̆k̑- |
| paja | 2b. pel- |
| palomino | 6. pel- |
| panada | pā- |
| panatela | pā- |
| pan | pā- |
| para | 2a. per- |
| pasacalle | 1. pet- |
| patio | pā̆k̑- |
| pecadillo | 2. pē̆d- |
| pecado | 2. pē̆d- |
| pelo | pi-lo- |
| pero | 2a. per- |
| pesar | 1. (s)pen(-d)- |
| peso | 1. (s)pen(-d)- |
| pícaro | (s)pī̆ko- |
| piedra | 2b. per- |
| pie | 2. pē̆d- |
| pimienta | 1. peig- |
| piña | pei̯(ə)- |
| piñón | pei̯(ə)- |
| pinto | 1. peig- |
| plata | plā̆t- |
| platina | plā̆t- |
| playa | 1. plā-k- |
| plaza | plā̆t- |
| pobre | pōu- |
| poco | pōu- |
| poder | poti-s |
| porque | 2a. per- |
| por | 2a. per- |
| posada | paus- |
| posar | paus- |
| prado | prā- |
| primavera | 2a. per- , u̯es-r̥ |
| probar | 2a. per- |
| pronto | em- |
| prueba | 2a. per- |
| púro | 1. peu- |
| pulga | blou- |
| puntilloso | peuk̑- |
| punto | apo- , peuk̑- |
| que | ku̯o- |
| quiebra | kā̆pho- |
| rancho | 3. (s)ker- |
| real | 1. reg̑- |
| remuda | 2. mei- |
| renegado | 1. nĕ |
| roble | reudh- |
| rodear | ret(h)- |
| rodeo | ret(h)- |
| rollar | ret(h)- |
| rueda | ret(h)- |
| rumiar | reu-smen- |
| saba | sap- |
| saber | sap- |
| sabia | sap- |
| sabor | sap- |
| saludo | solo- |
| salud | solo- |
| sal | 1. sal- |
| sano | sāno-s |
| sasafrás | 1. bhreg̑- |
| según | 1. seku̯- |
| seguida | 1. seku̯- |
| seguidilla | 1. seku̯- |
| seguir | 1. seku̯- |
| sembrar | 2. sē(i)- |
| señora | sen(o)- |
| señor | sen(o)- |
| ser | es- |
| siesta | su̯ek̑s |
| siete | septm̥ |
| sino | se- |
| sin | seni- |
| si | se- |
| sois | es- |
| sol | sā́u̯el- |
| sombrero | andho- |
| somos | es- |
| son | es- |
| soy | es- |
| tan | 1. to- |
| techo | 1. (s)teg- |
| tela | tek̑þ- |
| tener | 1. ten- |
| toreador | tēu- |
| torear | tēu- |
| torero | tēu- |
| toro | tēu- |
| trabajo | pā̆k̑- |
| trampolín | 3. der- |
| transigente | ag̑- |
| transigir | ag̑- |
| trashumar | g̑hðem- |
| tras- | 5. ter- |
| través | 3h. u̯er- |
| trigo | 3. ter- |
| tronada | 1. (s)ten- |
| tronar | 1. (s)ten- |
| vaca | u̯ā̆kā |
| vaina | 1. u̯ā̆g- |
| vainilla | 1. u̯ā̆g- |
| vamos | u̯ādh- |
| vaquero | u̯ā̆kā |
| velar | u̯eg̑- |
| vela | u̯eg̑- |
| velo | u̯eg- |
| venda | bhendh- |
| vender | bhendh- |
| vigilante | u̯eg̑- |
| vivo | 3. gu̯ei̯- |
| yerno | g̑em(e)- |
| y | eti |