Indo-European Lexicon
Old Icelandic Reflex Index
Below we list 744 unique Old Icelandic reflex spellings (words and affixes) in an alphabetic order suitable for the language family. Every spelling is linked to one or more pages, each showing a Proto-Indo-European etymon from which the reflex is derived along with other reflexes (in Old Irish or other languages) derived from the same PIE etymon. A multi-morpheme reflex may, like English werewolf, be derived from multiple PIE etyma; or a single spelling may, like English bear or lie, represent multiple reflexes derived from different PIE etyma.
Use the search bar to filter the reflexes displayed.
Search: (tips for searching)Reflex | Etyma |
---|---|
ǣtr | ed- |
þána | tā- |
þá | tā- |
þefjað | tep- |
þefja | tep- |
þefr | tep- |
þekja | 1. (s)teg- |
þengill | 2. tenk- |
þenja | 1. ten- |
þexla | tek̑þ- |
þeyja | tā- |
þeyr | tā- |
æfi | aiu̯- |
œgishjālmr | agh- |
œgja | agh- |
þiþinn | tā- |
þíða | tā- |
þíðr | tā- |
þiðna | tā- |
þjōðann | tēu- |
þjóð | tēu- |
ældri | 2. al- |
ællri | 2. al- |
øngd | ang̑h- |
øngja | ang̑h- |
øngr | ang̑h- |
øngva | ang̑h- |
þóf | 2. tap- |
þola | 1. tel- |
þorn | 7. (s)ter-n- |
þræll | trāgh- |
þrøngva | 1. trenk- |
þrár | 3. ter- |
þröng | 1. trenk- |
þryngva | 1. trenk- |
ætr | ed- |
þvál | 2. tu̯ak- |
þváttr | 2. tu̯ak- |
ævi | aiu̯- |
øx | agu̯(e)sī |
þykkr | tegu- |
þyrnir | 7. (s)ter-n- |
æ | aiu̯- |
āss | ansu- |
ātt-rœðr | 1. ar- |
ātt | ēik- |
āt | ed- |
ā- | 4. an- |
af-āt | ed- |
afar- | apo- |
afr | apo- |
af | apo- |
agi | agh- |
aka | ag̑- |
akrs | ag̑ro-s |
ala | 2. al- |
aldinn | 2. al- |
ald-rœðr | 1. ar- |
aldr | 2. al- |
ambātt | ag̑- |
anda | 3. an(ə)- |
andi | 3. an(ə)- |
and- | ant-s |
angr | ang̑h- |
aptr | apo- |
aska | ā̆s- |
a-troð | 3. der- |
at | 1. ad- |
auka | au̯eg- |
auk | 4. au- |
Aunmundr | 7. au̯- |
aur-falr | apo- |
aur- | apo- |
avar- | apo- |
ax | 2. ak̑- |
bøkr | bhāgó-s |
bœr | bheu- |
bāl | 1. bhel- |
baldinn | 3. bhel- |
Baldr | 3. bhel- |
ballr | 3. bhel- |
baðmr | bheu- |
bað | bhē- |
barmr | 1. bher- |
barð | bhardhā |
barr | bhares- |
bauta | 1. bhā̆u- |
beiða | 1. bheidh- |
beiskr | bheid- |
belgja | bhelg̑h- |
belgr | bhelg̑h- |
bella | 3. bhel- |
benda | bhendh- |
bendi | bhendh- |
beni | bhen- |
ben | bhen- |
bera | 1. bher- |
berg | bhereg̑h- |
Beyla | 2. b(e)u- |
beysta | 1. bhā̆u- |
bīða | 1. bheidh- |
bīta | bheid- |
binda | bhendh- |
biðja | 2. bhedh- |
birti | bherəg̑- |
bitr | bheid- |
bjarga | bherg̑h- |
bjarg | bhereg̑h- |
bjarkan | bherəg̑- |
bjartr | bherəg̑- |
bjōða | bheudh- |
bjǫrk | bherəg̑- |
bjǫrn | 5. bher- |
bjórr | 5. bher- |
blǣr | 3. bhel- |
blār | 3. bhel- |
blāsa | 3. bhel- |
blāstr | 3. bhel- |
blanda | bhlendh- |
blauþr | 2. bhlēu- |
blautr | 2. bhlēu- |
blesi | 1. bhel- |
blīðr | 1. bhlē̆i- |
blinda | bhlendh- |
blindr | bhlendh- |
blōð-drefjar | dhrebh- |
blōð | 4. bhel- |
blōta | 3. bhel- |
blōt-goð | 3. bhel- |
blōt | 3. bhel- |
blunda | bhlendh- |
blundr | bhlendh- |
blys | 1. bhlēu- |
bōk-stafr | bhāgó-s |
bōk | bhāgó-s |
bōla | 2. b(e)u- |
bǫllr | 3. bhel- |
ból | bheu- |
bōl | bheu- |
böl | bheleu- |
bǫrkr | 2. bhreg̑- |
bǫrr | bheu- |
bokkr | bhū̆g̑o-s |
bolginn | bhelg̑h- |
boli | 3. bhel- |
bora | 3. bher- |
borð | bheredh- |
borr | 3. bher- |
brǣða | 2. bher- |
brādna | 2. bher- |
bragr | bhlagh-men- |
braigd | 1. bhreg̑- |
brakan | 1. bhreg̑- |
brak | 1. bhreg̑- |
brandr | bh(e)reu- |
brasað | bh(e)reu- |
brasa | bh(e)reu- |
brattr | bhren- |
brauð | bh(e)reu- |
brekka | bhren- |
brenna | bh(e)reu- |
brinna | bh(e)reu- |
briōta | 1. bhrē̆u- |
brjá | bherək̑- |
brōðir | bhrā́ter- |
broð | bh(e)reu- |
brúnn | 5. bher- |
brugga | bh(e)reu- |
brundr | bh(e)reu- |
bruni | bh(e)reu- |
brunnr | bh(e)reu- |
*bryggja | bh(e)reu- |
būa | bheu- |
būð | bheu- |
būr | bheu- |
bū | bheu- |
bukkr | bhū̆g̑o-s |
bunki | bheng̑h- |
burr | 1. bher- |
burst | bhares- |
bȳr | bheu- |
byggva | bheu- |
bygg | bheu- |
døgn | ā̆g̑her- |
døgr | ā̆g̑her- |
døkkva | dhem- |
dāð | 2. dhē- |
dārvi- | deru- |
dási | 3. dhē- |
dagr | ā̆g̑her- |
dalkr | dhelg- |
dasaðr | 3. dhē- |
dasast | 3. dhē- |
daufr | 4. dheu- |
daunn | 4. dheu- |
dauði | 2. dheu- |
dauðr | 2. dheu- |
Dellingr | 2. dhel- |
dengja | 3. dhen- |
deyfþ | 4. dheu- |
deyfa | 4. dheu- |
deyja | 2. dheu- |
deyða | 2. dheu- |
dīki | dhēigu̯- |
dīk | dhēigu̯- |
digr | dheig̑h- |
digull | dheig̑h- |
dilkr | dhē(i)- |
dimma | dhem- |
dimmr | dhem- |
dǫgg | 1. dheu- |
dōttir | dhug(h)əter- |
dofinn | 4. dheu- |
dolg | dhelgh- |
drafna | dhrebh- |
draf | dhrebh- |
draugr | 2. dhreugh- |
draumr | 2. dhreugh- |
drīfa | dhreibh- |
drīf | dhreibh- |
drift | dhreibh- |
drit | 5. dher- |
drōttinn | tēu- |
drōtt | 2. dher- |
drottning | 2. dher- |
drȳgja | 2. dhreugh- |
dryn-hraun | 3. dher- |
drynja | 3. dher- |
dvalað | 4. dheu- |
dvala | 4. dheu- |
dvīna | 2. dheu- |
dȳja | 4. dheu- |
dyrr | dhu̯ē̆r- |
efa | 3. e- |
ef | 3. e- |
egg | 2. ak̑- |
ein-dagi | ā̆g̑her- |
eirð | 2. ais- |
eir | 2. ais- |
eiskra | aisk- |
ei | aiu̯- |
ek | eg̑- |
eld-stō | stā- |
ellar | 1. al- |
ella | 1. al- |
elligar | 1. al- |
elli | 2. al- |
ellor | 1. al- |
ellri | 2. al- |
embætta | ag̑- |
embætti | ag̑- |
enda-lauss | ant-s |
endir | ant-s |
endi | ant-s |
endr | ant-s |
enni | ant-s |
enn | ant-s |
ern | 3. er- |
eta | ed- |
etja | ed- |
eygja | oku̯- |
fæla | 1. pel- |
fæling | 1. pel- |
fall | phō̆l- |
faðmr | 1. pet- |
farmr | 2b. per- |
farri | 2d. per- |
fella | phō̆l- |
fell | peli-s- |
felms-fullr | 1. pel- |
felmtr | 1. pel- |
ferja | 2b. per- |
fīfrildi | 1. pel- |
fimr | pei-m(i)- |
fjall | 3b. pel- |
fjōrir-tiger | ku̯etu̯er- |
fjōrirtiger | dek̑m̥ |
fjōrtān | ku̯etu̯er- |
flá | plēk̑- |
flakna | plēk̑- |
flaska | plē- |
flatr | plā̆t- |
flóa | 7. pel- |
flói | pleu- |
flóna | 7. pel- |
fóðr | pā- |
fōt-borð | bheredh- |
frændi | prāi- |
fræ | 2d. per- |
frakkr | preg- |
frétt | 4. perk̑- |
fríða | prāi- |
friða | prāi- |
friðill | prāi- |
frjáls | prāi- |
frjá | prāi- |
frjóa | 2d. per- |
frjó-ligr | 2d. per- |
frjór | 2d. per- |
frjó-samr | 2d. per- |
frjó | 2d. per- |
fúrr | peu̯ōr |
fylgsni | 3b. pel- |
gæfa | ghabh- |
gæfr | ghabh- |
gœl-igr | ghoilo-s |
gás | g̑han-s- |
gāta | ghend- |
gātt | g̑hengh- |
gá | ghou̯(ē)- |
gā | 1. g̑hē- , g̑hengh- |
gafl | ghebh-el- |
ganga | g̑hengh- |
gangr | g̑hengh- |
garn | 5. g̑her- |
gaurr | ghou-ro-s |
geiga | 2. g̑hē- |
geigr | 2. g̑hē- |
geil-igr | ghoilo-s |
geiska-fullr | gheis- |
gelda | 2. g̑hel- |
geldr | 2. g̑hel- |
gera | gu̯her- |
geta | ghend- |
geyma | ghou̯(ē)- |
geymdir | ghou̯(ē)- |
geysa | 1. g̑heu- |
gīna | 2. g̑hē- |
gīsl | gheidh- |
gil-ker | ghoilo-s |
gjā | 2. g̑hē- |
gjǫf | ghabh- |
gjǫrð | g̑herdh- |
glæa | 1. g̑hel- |
glámr | 1. g̑hel- |
glam | ghleu- |
glaðr | 1. g̑hel- |
glaumr | ghleu- |
gleyma | ghleu- |
glīkr | 2. lē̆ig- |
glit | 1. g̑hel- |
gljá | 1. g̑hel- |
glóa | 1. g̑hel- |
glóð | 1. g̑hel- |
glymja | ghleu- |
glymr | ghleu- |
gnœgja | enek̑- |
gnaga | ghen- |
gnastan | ghen- |
gnístan | ghen- |
gnísta | ghen- |
gníst | ghen- |
gniða | ghen- |
gnōgr | enek̑- |
gnúa | ghen- |
görn | 5. g̑her- |
græfr | 2. ghrebh- |
grāðr | 1. g̑her- |
grāðugr | 1. g̑her- |
gramir | 2. ghrem- |
gramr | 2. ghrem- |
grandi | ghren- |
granna | 2. erə- |
granni | 2. erə- |
grautr | 2. ghrēu- |
gremja | 2. ghrem- |
grimmr | 2. ghrem- |
grjōt | 2. ghrēu- |
grǫf | 2. ghrebh- |
gróna | ghrē- |
grǫn | 3. gher- |
gróði | ghrē- |
gróðr | ghrē- |
grufla | 1. ghrebh- , 2. ghrebh- |
grunnr | ghren- |
grunn | ghren- |
gulr | 1. g̑hel- |
guma | ghou̯(ē)- |
gunnr | 2. gu̯hen(-ə)- |
Gymir | g̑hðem- |
gyrða | g̑herdh- |
gyrðill | g̑herdh- |
hœfa | kap- |
hæli | 4. k̑el- |
hæll | 2. k̑ā̆k- |
hætta | k̑enk- |
hár | 2. keu- |
hāss | 3. kā̆i- |
hafr | kapro- |
haft | kap- |
hag-stœðr | 3. stel- |
hald | 5. kel- |
halfa | 1. (s)kel- |
halfr | 1. (s)kel- |
hamast | 3. k̑em- |
hams | 3. k̑em- |
hanga | k̑enk- |
harpa | (s)kerb(h)- |
hastarliga | k̑ēi-bh- |
hastarligr | k̑ēi-bh- |
hatr | k̑ād- |
hauk-staldr | 3. stel- |
heiðr | (s)kāi- |
heið | (s)kāi- |
heita | 3. kā̆i- |
heitr | 3. kā̆i- |
hengja | k̑enk- |
her-baldr | 3. bhel- |
herða | 3. kar- |
himinn | 3. k̑em- |
hirðir | k̑erdho- |
hiti | 3. kā̆i- |
hjala | 6. kel- |
hjalmr | 4. k̑el- |
hjarni | 1. k̑er- |
hjarsi | 1. k̑er- |
hjarta | k̑ered- |
hjól | 1. ku̯el- |
hjörtr | 1. k̑er- |
hler | 1. k̑leu- |
Hlið-skjálf | 1. (s)kel- |
hlust | 1. k̑leu- |
hlyða | 1. k̑leu- |
hófr | kā̆pho- |
hōf | kap- |
höð- | k̑at- |
hörund | 4. (s)ker- |
hodd | 2. (s)keu- |
horn | 1. k̑er- |
hosti | ku̯ās- |
hrár | 1. kreu- |
hrein-hjartaðr | 4. (s)ker- |
hreinn | 4. (s)ker- |
hreðr | 4. (s)ker- |
hrjósa | 1. kreu- |
hrúðr | 1. kreu- |
hūð | 2. (s)keu- |
hug-stœðr | 3. stel- |
hulda | 4. k̑el- |
hunang | kenəkó- |
hund-rað | 1. ar- |
hvalr | (s)ku̯alo-s |
hvat | ku̯o- |
hvél | 1. ku̯el- |
hvé | ku̯o- |
hverr | 2. ku̯er- |
hvetja | ku̯ē̆d- |
hylja | 4. k̑el- |
hylr | kau-l- |
ī | 1. en |
if | 3. e- |
inni | 1. en |
inri | 1. en |
ið- | eti |
jarkna-steinn | ar(e)-g̑- |
jar-tegn | ar(e)-g̑- |
jōr | ek̑u̯o-s |
kārna | g̑ā̆r- |
kalda | 3. gel(ə)- |
kaldr | 3. gel(ə)- |
kalfi | 1. gel- |
kalfr | 1. gel- |
kambr | g̑embh- |
karl | g̑er- |
kelda | 3. gel(ə)- |
kinn | 2. g̑enu- |
kjaptr | g̑ep(h)- |
kjöptr | g̑ep(h)- |
kjōsa | g̑eus- |
klāpr | 1. gel- |
klaki | 3. gel(ə)- |
klé | 1. gel- |
kleif | 1. gel- |
klettr | 1. gel- |
klif | 1. gel- |
klǫpp | 1. gel- |
knē-beðr | 2. bhedh- |
knē | 1. g̑enu- |
kneikja | gen- |
knýta | gen- |
knytja | gen- |
kólna | 3. gel(ə)- |
kǫr | g̑ā̆r- |
koddi | 3. gu̯ei̯- |
kofi | gēu- |
konungr | 1. g̑en- |
kor | g̑eus- |
kosta | g̑eus- |
kostr | g̑eus- |
krœkja | 3. ger- |
krá | 3. ger- |
kremja | 1. ger- |
kringja | 3. ger- |
kringr | 3. ger- |
kring | 3. ger- |
krota | gerebh- |
kryppil | 3. ger- |
kūþr | 2. g̑en- |
kúfóttr | gēu- |
kuikr | 3. gu̯ei̯- |
kuldi | 3. gel(ə)- |
kul | 3. gel(ə)- |
kunna | 2. g̑en- |
kunnr | 2. g̑en- |
kurfr | gerebh- |
kvæna | gu̯ē̆nā |
kvæn | gu̯ē̆nā |
kvān | gu̯ē̆nā |
kveisa | gu̯eid(h)- |
kveld | 1. gu̯el- |
kveðja | 2. gu̯et- |
kvern | 2. gu̯er- |
kviðr | 2. gu̯et- |
kviðugr | 3. gu̯ei̯- |
kvǫl | 1. gu̯el- |
kylr | 3. gel(ə)- |
kyn | 1. g̑en- |
lang-ǣr | aiu̯- |
lax | lak̑- |
leika | 3. leig- |
ljōmi | leuk- |
ljúfr | leubh- |
lok | 1. leug- |
mækir | medhi- |
māl-dagi | ā̆g̑her- |
malmr | 1. mel- |
malr | molko- |
mann-kyn | 1. g̑en- , manu-s |
marr | marko- |
mēr | 1. me- |
mek | 1. me- |
Mīmir | (s)mer- |
mik | 1. me- |
mjaltir | mē̆lg̑- |
mjaltr | mē̆lg̑- |
mjǫlk | mē̆lg̑- |
Mjǫllnir | 2. meldh- |
molka | mē̆lg̑- |
Myrk-viðr | 2. mer- , u̯idhu- |
myrkvi | 2. mer- |
nœgja | enek̑- |
nāl | (s)nē- |
nafli | 1. enebh- |
naðra | nē-tr- |
naðr | nē-tr- |
niðrað | 1. en |
niðra | 1. en |
nōgr | enek̑- |
ōast | agh- |
ǫgn | 2. ak̑- |
ōkr | au̯eg- |
ǫld | 2. al- |
ǫnd | anət- |
ǫngr | ang̑h- |
ǫnn | es-en- |
ǫrvar | arqu- |
ǫr | arqu- |
ǫss | ansu- |
of-āt | ed- |
of | upo |
ok | 4. au- |
onð | 3. an(ə)- |
ðar | 1. to- |
ðat | 1. to- |
røkja | 2. rē̆k- |
røkkr | regu̯os- |
rann | 2. erə- |
rīm | 1. ar- |
rinna | 3. er- |
rista | 1. rei- |
rǫk | 2. rē̆k- |
runi | 3. er- |
sœgr | u̯ā̆gh- |
sæði | 2. sē(i)- |
sáð | 2. sē(i)- |
sá | 2. sē(i)- |
sam-kvæðr | 2. gu̯et- |
segl | 2. sē̆k- |
selja | 3. sel- |
sigr | seg̑h- |
skafa | 2. (s)kē̆p- |
skal | 2. (s)kel- |
skel | 1. (s)kel- |
skera | 4. (s)ker- |
skjǫldr | 1. (s)kel- |
skjōta | 2. (s)keud- |
skōfir | 2. (s)kē̆p- |
skōf | 2. (s)kē̆p- |
skōr | 2. (s)keu- |
skǫr | 4. (s)ker- |
skūr | k̑ēu̯ero- |
skugg-sjā | 2. (s)keu- |
skuldr | 2. (s)kel- |
skuld | 2. (s)kel- |
skulum | 2. (s)kel- |
skulu | 2. (s)kel- |
skygn | 1. keu- |
skyldi | 2. (s)kel- |
skyld | 2. (s)kel- |
sláttr | slak- |
slēttr | 3. lei- |
sleikja | leig̑h- |
slīur | 3. lei- |
sloðra | (s)leu- |
smali | mēlo- |
snara | 2. (s)ner- |
snarpr | (s)nerb- |
snera | snēu- |
snerpa | (s)nerb- |
snorkinn | 2. (s)ner- |
snūa | snēu- |
snūinn | snēu- |
snūðigr | snēu- |
snūðr | snēu- |
snugga | snēu- |
snyðja | snēu- |
sofna | 1. su̯ep- |
sollr | 1. su̯el(-k)- |
speld | 1. (s)p(h)el- |
spík | 1. (s)p(h)ē̆i- |
spjald | 1. (s)p(h)el- |
spjalla | (s)pel- |
spjall | (s)pel- |
spǫlr | 1. (s)p(h)el- |
stœða | stā- |
stœðr | 3. stel- |
stāl | 3. stel- |
staka | 2. (s)teg- |
staki | 2. (s)teg- |
stallr | 3. stel- |
standa | stā- |
staðr | stā- |
staup | (s)teig- |
stauta | 1. (s)teu- |
steytr | 1. (s)teu- |
stīfla | stē̆ib(h)- |
stikill | (s)teig- |
stirðr | 7. (s)ter-n- |
stjaki | 2. (s)teg- |
stjarna | 2. stē̆r- |
stōll | stā- |
stǫðull | stā- |
stōð | stā- |
stǫð | stā- |
storð | 7. (s)ter-n- |
strá | 5. ster- |
stūtr | 1. (s)teu- |
súga | 1. seu- |
súpa | 1. seu- |
súrr | sū-ro- |
sú | so(s) |
sumar | 3. sem- |
svārr | 1. u̯er- |
svagla | u̯ā̆gh- |
svefja | 1. su̯ep- |
svefna | 1. su̯ep- |
svelga | 1. su̯el(-k)- |
sylgr | 1. su̯el(-k)- |
tāg | denk̑- |
tār | dak̑ru- |
tamr | demə- |
tað | dā |
taug | deuk- |
taumr | deuk- |
teinn | du̯ō(u) |
teitr | 1. dei- |
temja | demə- |
teðja | dā |
teygja | deuk- |
tīund | dek̑m̥ |
tīu | dek̑m̥ |
tilr | 2. ad- |
timbra | dem- |
timbr | dem- |
tindr | ed- |
titra | 3. der- |
-tjān | dek̑m̥ |
tjalda | 3. del- |
tjald | 3. del- |
tjara | deru- |
tjōa | deuk- |
tjón | 1. der- |
tjǫrn | derk̑- |
tǫng | denk̑- |
toga | deuk- |
tog | deuk- |
tolf | du̯ō(u) |
topt | dem- |
trað | 3. der- |
traust | deru- |
trē | deru- |
trefill | 4. der- |
trefr | 4. der- |
treðja | 3. der- |
tröf | 4. der- |
trǫð | 3. der- |
troða | 3. der- |
troð | 3. der- |
tros | deru- |
trūa | deru- |
trū | deru- |
tunga | dn̥g̑hū |
tuttugu | du̯ō(u) |
tvǣr | du̯ō(u) |
tvā | du̯ō(u) |
tveir | du̯ō(u) |
tvennr | du̯ō(u) |
tvī-faldr | du̯ō(u) |
tvinnr | du̯ō(u) |
tvis-tra | du̯ō(u) |
tvis-var | du̯ō(u) |
týnast | 1. der- |
týna | 1. der- |
týning | 1. der- |
tȳr | 1. dei- |
tygill | deuk- |
tyrvi | deru- |
tys-var | du̯ō(u) |
ū-borinn | 1. bher- |
ūhreinn | 4. (s)ker- |
ū-kūðr | 2. g̑en- |
ū-kvæntr | gu̯ē̆nā |
ū-kvæði | 2. gu̯et- |
ulfr | u̯l̥ku̯os |
unz | ant-s |
vana | 1. eu- |
vangr | u̯e-n-gh- |
vanr | 1. eu- |
varp | 3b. u̯er- |
vaxa | au̯eg- |
vax | u̯okso- |
vefa | 1. u̯ebh- |
veðr | u̯et- |
ver-ǫld | 2. al- |
vetr | 9. au̯(e)- |
vettr | 9. au̯(e)- |
vexa | au̯eg- |
víking | 4. u̯eik- |
vīkva | 4. u̯eik- |
víl-stigr | u̯ā̆i- |
vindr | 10. au̯(e)- |
vist | 2. u̯es- |
vittr | 9. au̯(e)- |
vǫxtr | au̯eg- |